The Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines During the Pre-Omicron and Omicron Periods: A Retrospective Test-Negative Case-Control Study.

Background: The aim of this study was to estimate the effectiveness of original and bivalent COVID-19 vaccines in reducing COVID-19-associated hospitalizations among the adult population of Turin, Italy.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, test-negative, case-control study of 5768 adults aged ≥50 years who had symptoms that were consistent with COVID-19-like illness and were admitted to the hospitals of the Turin Health Unit network from 1 January 2021 to 31 January 2023. We evaluated the effectiveness of the vaccines that at the time of the study were authorized in the European Union (original/bivalent BNT162b2; original mRNA-1273; ChAdOx1-S; Ad26.

Congenital toxoplasmosis: assessment of risk to newborns in confirmed and uncertain maternal infection.

Unlabelled: We identified 205 newborns at risk of congenital infection based on their mothers' immunological status during pregnancy, using the criteria established by the European Research Network on Congenital Toxoplasmosis to define the likelihood of infection in pregnant women. Of the 205 newborns, 60 (29.2%) were born to mothers with documented seroconversion, 49 (23.