Pharmacokinetics of Antiretroviral Drugs in Older People Living with HIV, Part II: Drugs Licensed Before 2005.

Background And Objective: Advances in antiretroviral therapy led to an increase in life expectancy among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). As aging is characterized by several physiological changes that can influence pharmacokinetics (PK), this systematic review aims to describe the impact of aging on the PK of antiretrovirals (ARV) approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) before 2005.

Methods: Searches were performed in BVS, EMBASE, and PubMed databases for publications until June 2024.

Were public interventions relevant for containing the covid-19 pandemic in Brazil in 2020?

Objective: Flattening the curve was the most promoted public health strategy worldwide, during the pandemic, to slow down the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and, consequently, to avoid overloading the healthcare systems. In Brazil, a relative success of public policies was evidenced. However, the association between public policies and the "flatten the curve" objectives remain unclear, as well as the association of different policies to reach this aim.

Estradiol and Spironolactone Plasma Pharmacokinetics Among Brazilian Transgender Women Using HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis: Analysis of Potential Interactions.

Background And Objective: An important barrier to HIV prevention among transgender women (TGW) is the concern that oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) negatively affects the efficacy of feminizing hormone therapy (FHT). We aimed to assess the impact of PrEP on FHT pharmacokinetics (PK) among TGW from Brazil.

Methods: We performed a drug-drug interaction sub-study among TGW enrolled in a daily oral PrEP demonstration study (PrEParadas, NCT03220152).

Impact of feminizing hormone therapy on tenofovir and emtricitabine plasma pharmacokinetics: a nested drug-drug interaction study in a cohort of Brazilian transgender women using HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis.

Objectives: Potential interactions between feminizing hormone therapy (FHT) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) may be a barrier to PrEP use among transgender women (TGW). We aimed to assess the impact of FHT on PrEP plasma pharmacokinetics (PK) among TGW.

Methods: This was a PK substudy of the effects of FHT on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine nested to a trans-specific PrEP demonstration study (NCT03220152).

A novel and simple LC-MS/MS quantitative method for dextromethorphan and dextrorphan in oral fluid.

To develop and validate a simple method using LC-MS/MS for determination of dextromethorphan (DXM) and dextrorphan (DT) in human oral fluid. Following protein precipitation, chromatographic separation used a phenyl column with isocratic elution (1 ml/min) of 10 mM ammonium-formate buffer and acetonitrile (65:35; v/v) with 0.1% formic acid.

Antidepressant-like effect of Ilex paraguariensis in rats.

In this study, we investigated the possible antidepressant-like effect of I. paraguariensis in rats. Rats were treated for four weeks with an aqueous extract of I.

Randomized clinical trial comparing the pharmacokinetics of standard- and increased-dosage lopinavir-ritonavir coformulation tablets in HIV-positive pregnant women.

A lopinavir-ritonavir (LPV/r)-based regimen is recommended during pregnancy to reduce the risk of HIV mother-to-child transmission, but the appropriate dose is controversial. We compared the pharmacokinetics of standard and increased LPV/r doses during pregnancy. This randomized, open-label prospective study enrolled 60 pregnant women between gestational weeks 14 and 30.

Lipid-core nanocapsules restrained the indomethacin ethyl ester hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal lumen and wall acting as mucoadhesive reservoirs.

The aim of this work was to investigate if the indomethacin ethyl ester (IndOEt) released from lipid-core nanocapsules (NC) is converted into indomethacin (IndOH) in the intestine lumen, intestine wall or after the particles reach the blood stream. NC-IndOEt had monomodal size distribution (242 nm; PDI 0.2) and zeta potential of -11 mV.