Field-evolved resistance in Phthorimaea absoluta to abamectin: genetic foundations, female-linked traits, and cross-resistance pattern.

Background: Phthorimaea absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) poses a significant challenge in tomato cultivation owing to its increasing resistance to various insecticide classes. This study aimed to characterize the resistance of a field-collected P. absoluta population to abamectin, focusing on its genetic aspects and cross-resistance with other chemical groups, and monitoring the frequency of resistance in other populations.