Lost to follow-up of patients who received intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy to treat four different retina disorders in an individual center in Brazil.

Objectives: To identify risk factors for loss to follow-up in periodic intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections for the treatment patients with diabetic macular edema, subretinal neovascularization, age-related macular degeneration, and retinal vein occlusion in a single eye center in São Paulo, Brazil.

Methods: This was a retrospective longitudinal study that gathered information from 992 patients who required intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs over 6 months. The authors included age, eye disease, laterality, monthly income, distance, and payment mode as risk factors.

Non-paraneoplastic related retinopathy: clinical challenges and review.

Autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) is a rare inflammatory condition characterized by progressive visual loss, abnormalities in visual fields and electroretinographic exams, along with presence of circulating anti-retinal antibodies. There are two main forms of AIR: paraneoplastic AIR (pAIR) and presumed non-paraneoplastic AIR (npAIR). NpAIR is considered a diagnosis of exclusion, since it is typically made after other causes of retinopathy have been investigated and the absence of malignancy is confirmed.

Comparison of structural progression between ciliopathy and non-ciliopathy associated with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa.

Background: To evaluate and compare the progression of ciliopathy and non-ciliopathy autosomal recessive Retinitis Pigmentosa patients (arRP) by measuring the constriction of hyperautofluorescent rings in fundus autofluorescence (FAF) images and the progressive shortening of the ellipsoid zone line width obtained by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Results: For the ciliopathy group, the estimated mean shortening of the ellipsoid zone line was 259 μm per year and the ring area decreased at a rate of 2.46 mm per year.

Multimodal structural disease progression of retinitis pigmentosa according to mode of inheritance.

We analyze disease progression in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) according to mode of inheritance by quantifying the progressive decrease of the ellipsoid zone (EZ) line width on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and of the dimensions of the hyperautofluorescent ring on short-wave fundus autofluorescence (SW-FAF). In this retrospective study of 96 patients, average follow-up time was 3.2 ± 1.

Correlation between B-scan optical coherence tomography, en face thickness map ring and hyperautofluorescent ring in retinitis pigmentosa patients.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the B-scan OCT loss of ellipsoid zone, OCT en face thickness map constriction, and hyperautofluorescent ring constriction in RP patients.

Methods: Retrospective case series study. Forty-eight eyes of 24 RP patients with a parafoveal hyperautofluorescent ring were studied.

Fundus autofluorescence and ellipsoid zone (EZ) line width can be an outcome measurement in RHO-associated autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa.

Purpose: To evaluate the progression of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) due to mutations in rhodopsin (RHO) by measuring the short-wavelength autofluorescence (SW-AF) increased autofluorescence ring and ellipsoid zone (EZ)-line width.

Methods: Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images were obtained from 10 patients with autosomal dominant RP due to mutations in the RHO gene. Measurements of ring area on FAF images, as well as the EZ line width on SD-OCT images and horizontal, vertical diameter, were performed by two independent masked graders.

Structural disease progression in PDE6-associated autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa.

Background And Objective: To evaluate the progression of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) caused by mutations in either PDE6A or PDE6B by measuring the progressive constriction of the hyperautofluorescent ring and shortening of the ellipsoid zone (EZ)-line width.

Patients And Methods: Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images were obtained from seven patients with autosomal recessive RP caused by mutations in either PDE6A or PDE6B. Measurements of the EZ line width on SD-OCT images and horizontal, vertical diameter, and ring area on FAF images were performed by two independent graders.

Rates of Bone Spicule Pigment Appearance in Patients With Retinitis Pigmentosa Sine Pigmento.

Purpose: To determine rate of bone spicule pigmentation appearance in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

Design: Retrospective, observational case series.

Participants: A total of 240 patients were analyzed for this study.

Gene therapy in inherited retinal degenerative diseases, a review.

Hereditary diseases of the retina represent a group of diseases with several heterogeneous mutations that have the common end result of progressive photoreceptor death leading to blindness. Retinal degenerations encompass multifactorial diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, Leber congenital amaurosis, Stargardt disease, and retinitis pigmentosa. Although there is currently no cure for degenerative retinal diseases, ophthalmology has been at the forefront of the development of gene therapy, which offers hope for the treatment of these conditions.

Caring for Hereditary Childhood Retinal Blindness.

Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a major cause of incurable familial blindness in the Western world. In the pediatric population, IRDs are a major contributor to the 19 million children worldwide with visual impairment. Unfortunately, the road to the correct diagnosis is often complicated in the pediatric population, as typical diagnostic tools such as fundus examination, electrodiagnostic studies, and other imaging modalities may be difficult to perform in the pediatric patient.

INTRAVITREAL ZIV-AFLIBERCEPT FOR NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION: 52-Week Results.

Purpose: To evaluate the 52-week safety and efficacy of intravitreal ziv-aflibercept in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Methods: All patients received three monthly intravitreal injections of 0.05 mL of ziv-aflibercept (1.

RETINAL RACEMOSE HEMANGIOMA WITH FOCAL MACULAR INVOLVEMENT.

Purpose: To report a case of racemose hemangioma with macular involvement and treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor.

Methods: Observational case report.

Results: JFS, a 31-year-old woman, presented with a complaint of blurred vision in her right eye over the preceding 2 months, worsening during the previous month.