Oral immune-related adverse events caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors: a retrospective study.

Background: Immune Checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are linked to a series of adverse systemic and/or oral side effects such as "stomatitis," "oral inflammation" and "mucositis." These oral lesions induced by target therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors are different from traditional lesions associated with chemo/radiotherapy and they have not yet been correctly characterized. This paper aims to report retrospectively the oral immune-related adverse events caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors.

A novel ultrasound-based approach to investigate extramedullary haematopoiesis in foetal spleen.

Foetal spleen is described as a transient focus of haematopoiesis between the 3 and 5 month of gestation: this function is however entirely replaced by the bone marrow before the end of pregnancy. This study identifies haematopoiesis in foetal spleen by exploring changes of echogenicity during its development throughout gestation. Two intervals of pregnancy were studied: Mid-Pregnancy (Mid-P, 19-23 weeks) and End-Pregnancy (End-P, 37-41 weeks).