Neonatal reference values and nomograms of systemic vascular resistances estimated with electrical cardiometry.

Objective: Scanty data are available about neonatal systemic vascular resistances (SVR). We aim to provide reference values and nomograms for neonatal SVR.

Design: Multicenter, cross-sectional,descriptive study performed in France and Italy.

Impact of patent ductus arteriosus on non-invasive assessments of lung fluids in very preterm infants during the transitional period.

This prospective observational study aimed to evaluate whether lung fluids, assessed by lung ultrasonography and transthoracic electrical bioimpedance (TEB), may be influenced by the presence of a haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) in very preterm infants during the transitional period. Infants < 32 weeks of gestational age (GA) admitted to the neonatal intensive care units of IRCCS AOU Bologna and Niguarda Metropolitan Hospital of Milan (Italy) underwent a daily assessment of a lung ultrasound score (LUS) and of a TEB-derived index of thoracic fluid contents (TFC) during the first 72 h after birth. Echocardiographic scans were simultaneously performed to evaluate the concomitant ductal status (hsPDA vs.

Prediction of respiratory distress severity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia by lung ultrasounds and transthoracic electrical bioimpedance.

This study aims to evaluate whether the assessment of a lung ultrasound score (LUS) by lung ultrasonography and of thoracic fluid contents (TFC) by electrical cardiometry may predict RDS severity and the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants with respiratory distress (RDS). Infants ≤ 34 weeks' gestation admitted with RDS to two neonatal intensive care units were prospectively enrolled in this observational study. A simultaneous evaluation of LUS and TFC was performed during the first 72 h.

Electrical cardiometry in monitoring percutaneous closure of ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: a case study on five patients.

Patent ductus arteriosus closure by catheter-based interventions has become the preferred therapeutic choice. However, hemodynamic perturbances associated to this procedure have not yet been investigated. This study sought to examine the on-site hemodynamic impact caused by the procedure in preterm neonates.

Neonatal Septic Shock and Hemodynamic Monitoring in Preterm Neonates in an NICU: Added Value of Electrical Cardiometry in Real-Time Tailoring of Management and Therapeutic Strategies.

Objective: Electrical cardiometry is an impedance-based monitoring technique that provides data on several hemodynamic parameters in a noninvasive way. There is limited information on clinical utility of the application of this technique in neonates.

Study Design: In this study, we describe the case of a preterm neonate born at 30 weeks of gestational age who developed severe systemic infection with fluid refractory septic shock on day 2 of life.

Noninvasive Cardiac Output Monitoring in Newborn with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome.

Objective: This study aimed to describe the first two cases of electrical cardiometry applied to newborn with hypoplastic left heart syndrome for hemodynamical assessment in the first days of life before surgical correction and see if this can help decision making process in these patients.

Study Design: We describe two case series of two full-term newborn with hypoplastic left heart syndrome in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, between December 2019 and January 2020.

Results: Case 1 was persistently hemodynamically stable with prostaglandin E1 infusion at 0.

Apparent life-threatening events could be a wake-up call for sleep disordered breathing.

Introduction: Polysomnographic recordings of children with an apparent life-threatening event (ALTE) have often displayed signs of partial or complete obstruction during sleep. Various studies have focused on facial dysmorphia in infants with ALTE and tried to establish a correlation between ALTE and obstructive sleep apnoea. Our study evaluates the phenotypic characteristics and the presence of sleep disorders in pre-school children who had at least one ALTE in the first year of life.

Association among nocturnal enuresis, body weight and obstructive sleep apnea in children of south Italy: an observational study.

Background: To evaluate the rate of nocturnal enuresis (NE), body weight and obstructive sleep apnea in children 5 to 10 years of age in South Italy and the possible association among these disorders.

Methods: We have administered 1100 validated questionnaires, in Italian language, to parents and we have analyzed data with a logistic regression.

Results: Forty-two percent of children had a BMI≥85th (group 1) vs 58.

Use of the sleep clinical record in the follow-up of children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) after treatment.

Purpose: The aim of our study was to evaluate the utility of the sleep clinical record (SCR) in the follow-up of children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) after treatment.

Methods: SCR was completed and overnight polysomnography (PSG) was performed in all enrolled children (T0), with SCR considered positive for scores ≥6.5, as previously validated.

Diagnosis of Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Settings With Limited Resources.

Importance: Although polysomnographic (PSG) testing is the gold standard for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children, the number of pediatric sleep laboratories is limited. Developing new screening methods for identifying OSAS may reduce the need for PSG testing.

Objective: To evaluate the combined use of the sleep clinical record (SCR) and nocturnal oximetry testing for predicting PSG results in children with clinically suspected OSAS.

Cognitive function in preschool children with sleep-disordered breathing.

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to assess cognitive functions in preschool children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and to compare them with matched control children.

Methods: A clinical sample of 2.5- to 6-year-old children with SDB was recruited.

Autonomic imbalance during apneic episodes in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea.

Objectives: To investigate the activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) during sleep in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), in order to detect a possible cardiac ANS imbalance analyzing heart rate variability (HRV).

Methods: 43 subjects between 4 and 12 years of age (7.26 ± 2.

SURGICAL AND NON-SURGICAL THERAPY OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME IN CHILDREN.

Interventions of paediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome are complex, varied and multidisciplinary. The goal of the treatment is to restore optimal breathing during the night and to relieve associated symptoms. Evidence suggests that the surgical intervention with removal of the tonsils and adenoids will lead to significant improvements in the most incomplicated cases, as recently reported from a meta-analysis.

Rapid maxillary expansion outcomes in treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in children.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to confirm the efficacy of rapid maxillary expansion in children with moderate adenotonsillar hypertrophy in a larger sample and to evaluate retrospectively its long-term benefits in a group of children who underwent orthodontic treatment 10 years ago.

Methods: After general clinical examination and overnight polysomnography, all eligible children underwent cephalometric evaluation and started 12 months of therapy with rapid maxillary expansion. A new polysomnography was performed at the end of treatment (T1).

Impact of obesity on cognitive outcome in children with sleep-disordered breathing.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of obesity on cognitive impairment, in children with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), children with OSA and obesity, and in normal controls.

Methods: Thirty-six children with OSA (group 1), 38 children with OSA and obesity (group 2) and 58 normal controls (group 3) were studied. The Total intelligence quotient (T-IQ), Verbal IQ (V-IQ) and the Performance IQ (P-IQ) scores were obtained using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Third Edition Revised.

Oropharyngeal exercises to reduce symptoms of OSA after AT.

Purpose: This study evaluated the efficacy of oropharyngeal exercises in children with symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) after adenotonsillectomy.

Methods: Polysomnographic recordings were performed before adenotonsillectomy and 6 months after surgery. Patients with residual OSA (apnea-Hypopnea Index, AHI > 1 and persistence of respiratory symptoms) after adenotonsillectomy were randomized either to a group treated with oropharyngeal exercises (group 1) or to a control group (group 2).

Urinary concentration of 8-isoprostane as marker of severity of pediatric OSAS.

Background: F2-isoprostanes are considered to be a reliable standard biomarker of oxidative stress in vivo because they are not influenced by the intake of lipids in the diet, and they are chemically stable molecules and easily detected. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that 8-isoprostane level is a useful marker to valuate the severity of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods: Sixty-five children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) (mean age 5.

Adenotonsillectomy and orthodontic therapy in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea.

Purpose: Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) is an additional treatment in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The aim of this study was to present data about the outcome of adenotonsillectomy (AT) and of RME in a clinical sample of pediatric OSA.

Methods: We consecutively enrolled children with OSA to undergo RME or AT.

Epilepsy and sleep-disordered breathing as false friends: a case report.

Because signs of nocturnal seizures can overlap with sleep respiratory events, clinicians can have difficulty distinguishing abnormal events related to sleep disorders from epileptic seizures. We describe the case of a 3-year-old child presenting with ictal electroencephalographic (EEG) activity associated with a particular form of atypical obstructive sleep apnea, characterized by increased respiratory rate, paradoxical breathing, desaturations, and tonic-dystonic posture associated with movement artifacts. Following cardiorespiratory polysomnography, the patient was initially misdiagnosed as having severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

The cooccurrence of interictal discharges and seizures in pediatric sleep-disordered breathing.

Studies in the literature data have shown that the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children with epilepsy is high and that treatment for OSA leads to a reduction in the number of seizures; by contrast, few studies have demonstrated an increased prevalence of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) or epilepsy in children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). The aim of the present study was to confirm the high prevalence of IEDs or epilepsy in a large sample of children with SDB and to collect follow-up data. Children were recruited prospectively and underwent their first video-polysomnography (video-PSG) for SDB in a teaching hospital sleep center.