Critical Role of Lipid Scramblase TMEM16F in Phosphatidylserine Exposure and Repair of Plasma Membrane after Pore Formation.

Plasma membrane damage and cell death during processes such as necroptosis and apoptosis result from cues originating intracellularly. However, death caused by pore-forming agents, like bacterial toxins or complement, is due to direct external injury to the plasma membrane. To prevent death, the plasma membrane has an intrinsic repair ability.

Melatonin inhibits granulocyte adhesion to ICAM via MT3/QR2 and MT2 receptors.

Neutrophils are cells of the innate immune system that first respond and arrive to the site of infection. Melatonin modulates acute inflammatory responses by interfering with leukocyte recruitment. It is known that melatonin modulates granulocyte migration though the endothelial layer thereby acting on the endothelial cell.

Influence of circadian time and lighting conditions on expression of melatonin receptors 1 and 2 in murine lymphocytes.

Aim: To investigate the expression of membrane melatonin receptors in murine thymocytes, CD4(+) T-cells, bone marrow cells and B-cells according to melatonin concentration in the blood.

Materials And Methods: The levels of mRNA of melatonin receptors were investigated in the cells isolated during the day or during the night, corresponding to low and high melatonin concentrations in the blood.

Results: Low levels of Mtnr1 and Mtnr2 transcripts were detected in thymocytes and splenic B-cells.

The expression of MTNR3 and nuclear receptors in murine leucocytes.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of melatonin receptor MTNR3 and nuclear receptors in murine lymphocytes and their dependence on lighting conditions and circadian time.

Materials And Methods: The mRNA levels of melatonin receptors were investigated in cells isolated from thymus, spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow during the day or during the night.

Results: The expression of MTNR3 in B-cells and bone marrow cells was much higher than in thymocytes and T-cells.

Regulation of T-cell-independent and T-cell-dependent antibody production by circadian rhythm and melatonin.

Melatonin is a hormone that has immunomodulatory activity and is believed to influence the production of antibodies in mammals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of suppressed melatonin synthesis on the antibody production. BALB/c mice were immunized with T-cell-dependent (TD) and T-cell-independent (TI) antigens and kept under (i) normal lighting, (ii) constant exposure to light, (iii) exposed to light and treated daily with melatonin.