PYED-1 Overcomes Colistin Resistance in .

Antibiotic resistance has become more and more widespread over the recent decades, becoming a major global health problem and causing colistin to be increasingly used as an antibiotic of last resort. , an opportunistic pathogen that has rapidly evolved into a superbug exhibiting multidrug-resistant phenotypes, is responsible for a large number of hospital infection outbreaks. With the intensive use of colistin, resistance to colistin has been found to increase significantly.

The Glucocorticoid PYED-1 Disrupts Mature Biofilms of spp. and Inhibits Hyphal Development in .

Invasive infections have become a global public health problem due to the increase of species resistant against antifungal therapeutics. The glucocorticoid PYED-1 (pregnadiene-11-hydroxy-16α,17α-epoxy-3,20-dione-1) has antimicrobial activity against various bacterial taxa. Consequently, it might be considered for the treatment of infections.

Current trends in the real-life use of dalbavancin: report of a study panel.

Dalbavancin is a novel lipoglycopeptide antibiotic with a chemical structure similar to teicoplanin. Dalbavancin has been approved and marketed since 2014 in the USA and 2015 in the European Union for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin-structure infections (ABSSSIs) caused by Gram-positive cocci. ABSSSIs include infectious syndromes such as erysipelas, cellulitis, major cutaneous abscesses that require incision and drainage, and both surgical and traumatic wound infections.

-Nonyloxypentyl-l-Deoxynojirimycin Inhibits Growth, Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factors Expression of .

is one of the major causes of hospital- and community-associated bacterial infections throughout the world, which are difficult to treat due to the rising number of drug-resistant strains. New molecules displaying potent activity against this bacterium are urgently needed. In this study, d- and l-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) and a small library of their -alkyl derivatives were screened against ATCC 29213, with the aim to identify novel candidates with inhibitory potential.

Steroid Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial Agents Against Planktonic Cells.

In this work, the antibacterial activity of deflazacort and several of its synthetic precursors was tested against a panel of bacterial pathogens responsible for most drug-resistant infections including spp., , , , , and spp. The derivative of deflazacort, PYED-1 (pregnadiene-11-hydroxy-16α,17α-epoxy-3,20-dione-1) showed the best antibacterial activity in a dose-dependent way.

Appropriateness of antibiotic prescription for targeted therapy of infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria: assessment of the most common improper uses in a tertiary hospital in southern Italy.

A huge proportion of antibiotic therapies for infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) are inappropriate. In this study, we described the most common causes of inappropriateness of definitive antibiotic regimes in a large university hospital in southern Italy and we evaluated the impact on microbial eradication, length of stay, 30-day readmission and mortality. We retrospectively assessed 45 patients who received a definitive antibiotic therapy after isolation of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp.

Risk factors for Candida parapsilosis bloodstream infection in a neonatal intensive care unit: a case-control study.

Background: Candida parapsilosis is increasingly responsible for invasive candidiasis in neonates. This study investigates phenotypic and genotypic features of C. parapsilosis microbial isolates and underlying clinical conditions associated with acquisition of C.

Isolation of Enterobacter aerogenes carrying blaTEM-1 and blaKPC-3 genes recovered from a hospital Intensive Care Unit.

Enterobacter aerogenes has recently emerged as an important hospital pathogen. In this study, we showed the emergence of E. aerogenes isolates carrying the blaKPC gene in patients colonized by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains.

In vitro interaction of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia with human monocyte-derived dendritic cells.

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is increasingly identified as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised, cancer and cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Knowledge on innate immune responses to S. maltophilia and its potential modulation is poor.

Anti-chlamydial IgG Neutralizing Ability in Nonzoonotic Atypical Community Acquired Respiratory Tract Infections.

Chlamydophila pneumoniae is a pathogenic agent, involved in various types of infection. This study has evaluated the ability of IgG antibodies in outpatient, with acute respiratory tract infections from C. pneumoniae, to neutralize in vitro purified elementary bodies of this bacterium, revealing a good neutralizing performance of IgG antibodies.

Development of a real-time PCR assay for the rapid detection of Acinetobacter baumannii from whole blood samples.

Acinetobacter baumannii is a multidrug-resistant pathogen associated with severe infections in hospitalized patients, including pneumonia, urinary and bloodstream infections. Rapid detection of A. baumannii infection is crucial for timely treatment of septicemic patients.

Surveillance of healthcare-associated infections in a neonatal intensive care unit in Italy during 2006-2010.

Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a frequent complication associated with hospitalization of infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The aim of this study was to evaluate and describe the results of surveillance of HAIs in a III level NICU in Naples, Italy during 2006-2010.

Methods: The surveillance covered 1,699 neonates of all birth weight (BW) classes with >2 days NICU stay.

A survey on antibiotic therapy knowledge among physicians of a tertiary care and university hospital.

Antibiotic therapy has resulted in major progress in the fight against infectious diseases and is associated with an improved quality of life and increased survival. However, the emergence of resistant bacterial strains represents an inevitable consequence of antibiotic treatment and yields a loss of beneficial effects. Due to the scarce availability of new molecules in the near future, physicians have to learn how to best use currently available molecules.

Are IgM-enriched immunoglobulins an effective adjuvant in septic VLBW infants?

Aim: To investigate the effectiveness of IgM-enriched immunoglobulins (IgM-eIVIG) in reducing short-term mortality of neonates with proven late-onset sepsis.

Methods: All VLBW infants from January 2008 to December 2012 with positive blood culture beyond 72 hours of life were enrolled in a retrospective cohort study. Newborns born after June 2010 were treated with IgM-eIVIG, 250 mg/kg/day iv for three days in addition to standard antibiotic regimen and compared to an historical cohort born before June 2010, receiving antimicrobial regimen alone.