Management of Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) comprises a group of heterogeneous disorders of chronic arthritis in childhood and remains the commonest pediatric rheumatic disease associated with significant long-term morbidity. Advances in understanding of the pathogenesis, better definition of disease control/remission measures, and the arrival of biological agents have improved the outcomes remarkably. Methotrexate (Mtx) remains the first-line disease modifying (DMARD) therapy for most children with JIA due to its proven efficacy and safety.

Clinical significance of urinary liver-type fatty acid binding protein at various stages of nephropathy.

This cross-sectional study was to evaluate the levels of urinary liver-type fatty acid binding protein (u-LFABP pg/mg urine creatinine ratio) at different stages of diabetic nephropathy and to see its correlation with other clinical parameters in South Indian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 65 (M: F; 42:23) T2DM subjects were divided into three groups, and were compared with 13 (M: F; 3:10) nondiabetic controls. The study groups were as follows: normoalbuminuric (n = 22), microalbuminuric (n = 22) and macroalbuminuric (n = 21).

Selective Electrochemical Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide from Water Oxidation.

Water is a life-giving source, fundamental to human existence, yet over a billion people lack access to clean drinking water. The present techniques for water treatment such as piped, treated water rely on time and resource intensive centralized solutions. In this work, we propose a decentralized device concept that can utilize sunlight to split water into hydrogen and hydrogen peroxide.

Association of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis and Periodontal Disease: A Double-Blind Case-Control Study.

Background: Both osteoporosis (OP) and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory diseases associated with bone loss mediated by local and systemic factors. The two diseases share common risk factors. Previous studies have suggested that OP in itself is a predisposing factor for periodontal tissue destruction in postmenopausal women.

Radiographic Abnormalities in the Feet of Diabetic Patients with Neuropathy and Foot Ulceration.

Objective: People with diabetic neuropathy are frequently prone to several bone and joint abnormalities. Simple radiographic findings have been proven to be quite useful in the detection of such abnormalities, which might be helpful not only for early diagnosis but also in following the course of diabetes through stages of reconstruction of the ulcerated foot.The present study was designed to identify the common foot abnormalities in south Indian diabetic subjects with and without neuropathy using radiographic imaging.

Crystal structures of two triazola-dioxola-benzena-cyclo-nona-phanes.

In the title compounds, C25H29BrN5O7, (I) [systematic name: (Z)-1(5)-bromo-3(2),3(2)-dimethyl-2(1)-nitro-2(2),2(3),2(5),2(6),2(7),2(7a),3(3a),3(5),3(6),3(6a)-deca-hydro-2(1) H,6(1) H-4,9-dioxa-2(3,2)-pyrrolizina-6(4,1)-triazola-3(5,6)-furo[2,3-d][1,3]dioxola-1(1,2)-benzena-cyclo-nona-phane], and C24H29N5O7S, (II) [systematic name: (Z)-3(2),3(2)-dimethyl-2(7)-nitro-2(5),2(6),2(7),2(7a),3(3a),3(5),3(6),3(6a)-octa-hydro-2(1) H,2(3) H,6(1) H-4,9-dioxa-2(5,6)-pyrrolo-[1,2-c]thia-zola-6(4,1)-triazola-3(5,6)-furo[2,3-d][1,3]dioxola-1(1,2)-benzena-cyclo-nona-phane], the triazole rings adopt almost planar conformations. In (I), the fused pyrrolidine rings adopt envelope conformations with the C atoms opposite the fused N-C bond as the flap in each ring, and their mean planes are inclined to one another by 52.8 (3)°.

Crystal structure of ethyl 6-chloro-methyl-2-oxo-4-(2,3,4-tri-meth-oxy-phen-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydro-pyrimidine-5-carboxyl-ate.

In the title compound, C17H21ClN2O6, the di-hydro-pyrimidine ring adopts a flattened envelope conformation, with the sp (3)-hybridized C atom forming the flap. The dihedral angle between the least-squares planes of the benzene and di-hydro-pyrimidine rings is 88.09 (6)°.

Solvent Degradation in Nonaqueous Li-O2 Batteries: Oxidative Stability versus H-Abstraction.

Developing rechargeable Li-O2 batteries hinges on identifying stable solvents resistant to decomposition. Here, we focus on solvent stability against adsorption-induced H-abstraction during discharge. Using a detailed thermodynamic analysis, we show that a solvent's propensity to resist H-abstraction is determined by its acid dissociation constant, pKa, in its own environment.

Trade-Offs in Capacity and Rechargeability in Nonaqueous Li-O2 Batteries: Solution-Driven Growth versus Nucleophilic Stability.

The development of high-capacity rechargeable Li-O2 batteries requires the identification of stable solvents that can promote a solution-based discharge mechanism, which has been shown to result in higher discharge capacities. Solution-driven discharge product growth requires dissolution of the adsorbed intermediate LiO2*, thus generating solvated Li+ and O2(-) ions. Such a mechanism is possible in solvents with high Gutmann donor or acceptor numbers.

Enhancing electrochemical intermediate solvation through electrolyte anion selection to increase nonaqueous Li-O2 battery capacity.

Among the "beyond Li-ion" battery chemistries, nonaqueous Li-O2 batteries have the highest theoretical specific energy and, as a result, have attracted significant research attention over the past decade. A critical scientific challenge facing nonaqueous Li-O2 batteries is the electronically insulating nature of the primary discharge product, lithium peroxide, which passivates the battery cathode as it is formed, leading to low ultimate cell capacities. Recently, strategies to enhance solubility to circumvent this issue have been reported, but rely upon electrolyte formulations that further decrease the overall electrochemical stability of the system, thereby deleteriously affecting battery rechargeability.

The influence of memory on indoor environment exploration: A numerical study.

Understanding human behavior in the context of exploration and navigation is an important but challenging problem. Such understanding can help in the design of safe structures and spaces that implicitly aid humans during evacuation or other emergency situations. In particular, the role that memory plays in this process is something that is crucial to understand.

Association Between Older Age and Increasing Gleason Score.

Introduction: In order to help inform the discussion about the risks versus benefits of prostate cancer screening among older men, we determined whether advanced age is associated with a higher probability of harboring high-grade or high-risk disease.

Patients And Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to identify 383,039 men diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2004-2011. The percentage of patients diagnosed with low-, intermediate-, or high-risk disease or a Gleason score of 6, 7, or 8 to 10 was calculated by age range.

Impact of the hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) pro582ser polymorphism and its gene expression on diabetic foot ulcers.

Aim: Adaptation to low oxygen tension (hypoxia) in cells and tissues leads to the transcriptional induction of series of genes and the primary factor mediating this response is the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. This study was designed in order to examine the HIF-1α gene polymorphism, p582s (rs11549465) in Exon-12 of HIF-1α gene in diabetic subjects with and without foot ulcers (DFU) and to find its expression under these pathological conditions.

Methods: A total of 224 subjects from our tertiary care centre were included, which consists of healthy controls (N=66), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (N=79) and T2DM with foot ulcers (DFU) (N=79).

Crystal structure of 2-(4-fluoro-3-methyl-phen-yl)-5-{[(naphthalen-1-yl)-oxy]meth-yl}-1,3,4-oxa-diazole.

The title compound, C20H15FN2O2, adopts an almost planar conformation. The oxa-diazole ring makes dihedral angles of 13.90 (1) and 7.

Socioeconomic factors relating to diabetes and its management in India.

Diabetes is an escalating problem in India and has major socioeconomic dimensions. Rapid dietary changes coupled with decreased levels of physical activity have resulted in increases in obesity and diabetes in rural and semi-urban areas, as well as in urban-based people living in resettlement colonies. Increasing risk has also been recorded in those who suffered from poor childhood nutrition and in rural-to-urban migrants.

Differential post-prostatectomy cancer-specific survival of occult T3 vs. clinical T3 prostate cancer: Implications for managing patients upstaged on prostate magnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose/objective: Long-term androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was proven in randomized trials to be superior to short-term ADT for radiation-managed patients who have clinical T3 (cT3) disease, but it is unknown whether patients with T3 disease seen only on magnetic resonance imaging require similarly aggressive treatment. We attempted to study this issue by analogy by comparing the long-term post-prostatectomy survival of patients with cT3 disease versus cT1/T2 disease upstaged to pathologic T3 disease.

Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to identify 60,165 men diagnosed with prostate adenocarcinoma between 1995 and 2002 who underwent prostatectomy.

Age-related striatal BOLD changes without changes in behavioral loss aversion.

Loss aversion (LA), the idea that negative valuations have a higher psychological impact than positive ones, is considered an important variable in consumer research. The literature on aging and behavior suggests older individuals may show more LA, although it is not clear if this is an effect of aging in general (as in the continuum from age 20 and 50 years), or of the state of older age (e.g.

Type 1 diabetes: Awareness, management and challenges: Current scenario in India.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has a wide presence in children and has a high mortality rates. The disease, if left unmanaged, poses various challenges to the patient and healthcare providers, including development of diabetic complications and thus decreasing the life expectancy of the affected child. The challenges of T1DM include awareness of the disease that is very poor among the general public and also in parents of T1DM children along with the health care professionals.

Preventing microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Patients with complications of diabetes such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and cardiovascular complications have increased hospital stay with greater economic burden. Prevention of complications should be started before the onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) by working on risk factors and thereafter by intervention upon confirmatory diagnosis which can prevent further damage to β-cells. The actual risk of getting microvascular complications like microalbuminuria and retinopathy progression starts at glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of 7%.

Shifting brachytherapy monotherapy case mix toward intermediate-risk prostate cancer.

Purpose: The relative use of brachytherapy (BT) for prostate cancer has declined in recent years. In this setting, we sought to determine whether the case mix of BT monotherapy-treated men has changed over time in terms of risk group composition.

Methods And Materials: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to identify 30,939 patients diagnosed with prostate adenocarcinoma between 2004 and 2011 who received BT monotherapy.

Crystal structure of ethyl 6-methyl-2-sulfanyl-idene-4-(thio-phen-2-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydro-pyrimidine-5-carboxyl-ate.

In the title compound, C12H14N2O2S2, the di-hydro-pyrimidine ring adopts a sofa conformation, with the C atom bearing the thienyl ring lying above the plane of the five remaining approximately coplanar (r.m.s.

Risk of prostate cancer mortality in men with a history of prior cancer.

Objectives: To describe outcomes of patients with prostate cancer diagnosed after another malignancy and identify factors associated with prostate cancer death in this population, as little is known about the clinical significance of prostate cancer as a subsequent malignancy.

Patients And Methods: We studied 18 225 men diagnosed with prostate cancer after another malignancy from 1973 to 2006. We compared demographic and clinical variables, and the proportion of death from prostate cancer vs prior malignancy with t-test and chi-squared analyses.

Crystal structure of 2-{[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]meth-yl}-5-(2,4,5-tri-fluoro-phen-yl)-1,3,4-oxa-diazole.

In the title compound C19H11F3N2O2, the oxa-diazole ring and the naphthalene ring system are approximately planar (r.m.s.

Genetic association of IL-6, TNF-α and SDF-1 polymorphisms with serum cytokine levels in diabetic foot ulcer.

The IL-6 -174G/C (rs1800795), TNF-α -308G/A (rs1800629) and -238G/A (rs361525) and SDF-1 801G/A (rs1801157) are well characterized SNPs which have previously been linked to various diabetic complications. However, the involvement of these SNPs in DFU remains poorly studied. In the present study we looked at the association of these SNPs with DFU (disease phenotype) and correlated it with the serum levels of cytokines (intermediate phenotype) along with other clinical risk factors of DFU (adiponectin, leptin and hsCRP).