Publications by authors named "Viswanathan Mohan"

Article Synopsis
  • The Asia-Pacific region faces a significant challenge with obesity, which is linked to various health issues and rising medical costs; a hypothetical 10% weight loss could lead to significant savings over the next decade.
  • Using an epidemiological-economic model, the study assessed current and future obesity-related health costs and problems in Australia, South Korea, Thailand, and India, revealing that costs could increase dramatically if no action is taken.
  • A 10% weight reduction could save billions in medical expenses by 2032 while reducing the incidence of obesity-related comorbidities, highlighting the need for effective policies to support obesity management in the region.
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Objective: To compare the prevalence and clinical characteristics of early gestational diabetes (eGDM) and associated birth outcomes amongst women of different ethnic groups.

Research Design And Methods: This is a secondary analysis of an international, multicentre randomized controlled trial of treating eGDM among pregnant women with GDM risk factors enrolled <20 weeks' gestation. The diagnosis of GDM was made using WHO-2013 criteria.

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Objective: To investigate the association of timing of commencing glucose management with glycemia, glycemic variability, and pregnancy outcomes among women with early gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Research Design And Methods: In this substudy among participants of a trial of immediate vs delayed treatment of early GDM diagnosed by 2013 World Health Organization criteria, all women treated immediately and those with delayed diagnosis at 24-28 weeks' gestation (treated as if late GDM) were instructed to monitor capillary blood glucose (BG) four times a day (fasting and 2-h postprandial) until delivery. Optimal glycemia was defined as ≥95% of BG measurements between 70 and 140 mg/dL (3.

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A substantial share of patients at risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) fail to achieve control of CVD risk factors, but clinicians lack a structured approach to identify these patients. We applied machine learning to longitudinal data from two completed randomized controlled trials among 1502 individuals with diabetes in urban India and Pakistan. Using commonly available clinical data, we predict each individual's risk of failing to achieve CVD risk factor control goals or meaningful improvements in risk factors at one year after baseline.

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Background: Understanding environmental correlates of sedentary behaviour (SB) among young people is important as such data can identify approaches to limit sedentary time. This paper estimates associations of parent-reported neighbourhood and adolescent-reported home environments with SB among adolescents aged 11-19 years from 14 countries.

Methods: In the International Physical activity and the Environment Network (IPEN) Adolescent Study (an observational, cross-sectional multi-country study), adolescents wore a triaxial accelerometer for seven days that assessed sedentary time (ST).

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Loss-of-function ABCC8 variants are the commonest cause of congenital hyperinsulinism. On a systematic search of our databases, the p.(Gly111Arg) ABCC8 variant was identified in 26 individuals, of which 23 were from the Indian Agarwal community.

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Aim: Regular screening of large number of people with diabetes for diabetic retinopathy (DR) with the support of available human resources alone is a global challenge. Digital health innovation is a boon in screening for DR. Multiple artificial intelligence (AI)-based deep learning (DL) algorithms have shown promise for accurate diagnosis of referable DR (RDR).

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Background: Assessment of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) is critical to inform CVD prevention strategies, but limited community-level data exist from developing countries.

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding CVD and CVRF and acceptability of non-physician health workers and text-message based reminders to guide CVD prevention strategies in India.

Methods: We conducted a telephone-based survey nested in the on-going Centre for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia (CARRS) cohort in Delhi and Chennai, India between January 2021 to February 2021.

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Introduction: Air pollution presents a major public health threat to India, affecting more than three quarters of the country's population. In the current project, GEOHealth Health Effects of Selected Environmental Exposomes Across the Life CourSe-India, we aim to study the effect of environmental exposomes-fine particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO), ozone (O) and extremes of temperature-on multiple health outcomes using a modified life course approach. The associated training grant aims to build capacity in India to address the unique environmental health problems.

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Introduction: Persistent hyperglycemia significantly increases oxidative stress and inflammation resulting in multiple cellular and molecular alterations which further exacerbate the diabetes associated complications. is a medicinal plant used in the Indian system of medicine for treating various disorders including diabetes. However, studies on phytoconstituents and their pharmacological activity of this plant are limited.

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Article Synopsis
  • Studying lipodystrophy genes can help us understand insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, providing insight into metabolic syndrome and its underlying causes.
  • Researchers created a panel of 50 lipodystrophy genes and analyzed their expression in both visceral and subcutaneous fat in individuals with and without metabolic syndrome.
  • Results showed that lipodystrophy genes are often downregulated in people with metabolic syndrome, and their expression levels are linked to severity of conditions like type 2 diabetes, indicating these genes play a role in fat metabolism and disease development.
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Objectives: To study the clinical and genotypic spectrum of patients with deletions (MODY 5) at a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: This study included four patients from the Department of Endocrinology at Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Srinagar with a strong clinical suspicion of MODY 5. Genetic analysis, including a monogenic gene panel comprising 78 genes associated with MODY and other similar forms of monogenic diabetes, was done.

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The present study investigated the effect of low high-dietary-Advanced Glycation End products-based diets on oral disposition index-(DIo)-a marker of islet β-cell function and cardiometabolic risks factors in 38-overweight and obese Asian Indian-adults (aged 25-45 years with body-mass-index (BMI) ≥23kg/m) through 12-week isocaloric crossover feeding trial. Biochemical-measures included-glucose tolerance test (GTT), Insulin assay (0,30 and 120 min), lipid-profile, serum-adiponectin, serum-AGE and serum-Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances-(TBARS) assessed both at baseline and end of each intervention. Generalised linear models showed that low-dAGE diet significantly improved in oral disposition index [Least Square Mean (SE), +0.

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Introduction: Region-specific data on individual factors associated with uptake of breast and cervical cancer screening or early testing in diverse Indian populations are limited.

Aim: To assess the prevalence and individual determinants of uptake of breast and/or cervical cancer screening or testing among women aged 30-69 years in regionally representative populations of two large Indian cities: New Delhi and Chennai.

Methods: We conducted an analysis of the cross-sectional data (2016-2017) nested within the Centre for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia cohort, established in 2010-2011 with 12,271 participants (5365 in New Delhi; 6906 in Chennai).

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Context: Recent data from the South Asian subregion have raised concern about the dramatic increase in the prevalence of metabolic diseases, which are influenced by genetic and lifestyle factors.

Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the contemporary evidence for the effect of gene-lifestyle interactions on metabolic outcomes in this population.

Data Sources: PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases were searched up until March 2023 for observational and intervention studies investigating the interaction between genetic variants and lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity on obesity and type 2 diabetes traits.

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Self-stigma-the internalization of negative community attitudes and beliefs about a disease or condition-represents an important barrier to improving patient care outcomes for people living with common mental disorders and diabetes. Integrated behavioral healthcare interventions are recognized as evidence-based approaches to improve access to behavioral healthcare and for improving patient outcomes, including for those with comorbid diabetes, yet their impact on addressing self-stigma remains unclear. Using secondary data from the Integrating Depression and Diabetes Treatment (INDEPENDENT) study-a trial that aimed to improve diabetes outcomes for people with undertreated and comorbid depression in four urban Indian cities via the Collaborative Care Model-we longitudinally analyzed self-stigma scores and evaluated whether change in total self-stigma scores on diabetes outcomes is mediated by depressive symptom severity.

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Objective: To identify factors associated with neonatal respiratory distress (NRD) in early Gestational diabetes mellitus (eGDM).

Design: Nested case-control analysis of the TOBOGM trial.

Setting: Seventeen hospitals: Australia, Sweden, Austria and India.

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Introduction: Associations between markers of impaired kidney function and adverse outcomes among South Asians is understudied and could differ from existing data derived mostly from North American or European cohorts.

Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis of 9797 participants from the ongoing cardiometabolic risk reduction study in South Asia, India. We examined the associations between baseline spot urine albumin-to-creatinine (UACR) ratio and creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) estimating equations with all-cause mortality using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusting for baseline age, sex, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, tobacco, history of cardiovascular disease, and cholesterol.

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A panel of primary care and diabetes specialists conducted focused literature searches on the current role of glycaemic control in the management of type 2 diabetes and revisited the evolution of evidence supporting the importance of early and intensive blood glucose control as a central strategy to reduce the risk of adverse long-term outcomes. The optimal approach to type 2 diabetes management has evolved over time as the evidence base has expanded from data from trials that established the role of optimising glycaemic control to recent data from cardiovascular outcomes trials (CVOTs) demonstrating organ-protective effects of newer glucose-lowering drugs (GLDs). The results from these CVOTs were derived mainly from people with type 2 diabetes and prior cardiovascular and kidney disease or multiple risk factors.

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Background: The associations of vegetarian diets with risks for site-specific cancers have not been estimated reliably due to the low number of vegetarians in previous studies. Therefore, the Cancer Risk in Vegetarians Consortium was established. The aim is to describe and compare the baseline characteristics between non-vegetarian and vegetarian diet groups and between the collaborating studies.

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