Clinical Reasoning: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Challenges in a 16-Year-Old With Early-Onset Ataxia.

A 16-year-old adolescent girl presented with progressive walking imbalance, uncoordination of her limbs, impaired proprioceptive sensation distal to her wrists and ankles, and sensorineural hearing loss. Her evaluation revealed diffuse cerebellar atrophy, a demyelinating neuropathy, and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. In this article, we present a systematic approach to a patient with early-onset ataxia, cerebellar atrophy, and demyelinating neuropathy.

Benign epileptiform variants in EEG: A comprehensive study of 3000 patients.

Background: The analysis of EEG demands expertise and keen observation to distinguish epileptiform discharges from benign epileptiform variants (BEVs), a frequent source of erroneous interpretation. The prevalence of BEVs varies based on geographical, racial, and ethnic characteristics. However, most data on BEVs originates from Western populations, and additional studies on different cohorts would enrich the existing literature.

Re-exploring the relationship between skull thickness and alpha asymmetry: A CT/MR imaging correlation study.

Objective: The alpha rhythm has been a subject of research for the past few decades. Right-left alpha amplitude asymmetry is a common phenomenon. Several explanations have been proposed to explain this asymmetry, including differences in skull thickness.

Localisation of eloquent cortex using magnetoencephalography and its clinical implications.

Objectives: This study aimed to localise the eloquent cortex and measure evoked field (EF) parameters using magnetoencephalography in patients with epilepsy and tumours near the eloquent cortex.

Methods: A total of 41 patients (26 with drug-refractory epilepsy and 15 with tumours), with a mean age of 33 years, were recruited. Visual evoked field (VEF), auditory evoked field (AEF), sensory evoked field (SSEF), and motor-evoked field (MEF) latencies, amplitudes, and localisation were compared with those of a control population.

Individualised prediction of drug resistance and seizure recurrence after medication withdrawal in people with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: A systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.

Background: A third of people with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) are drug-resistant. Three-quarters have a seizure relapse when attempting to withdraw anti-seizure medication (ASM) after achieving seizure-freedom. It is currently impossible to predict who is likely to become drug-resistant and safely withdraw treatment.

Efficacy of pulse intravenous methylprednisolone in epileptic encephalopathy: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: High-level evidence for using steroids in epileptic encephalopathy (EE), other than West syndrome (WS), is lacking. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of pulse intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) in EE other than WS.

Methods: This is an open-label evaluator-blinded randomised controlled study.

Yield of video electro encephalography for phase 1 pre-surgical evaluation of drug resistant epilepsy in 1200 adults: retrospective study from a tertiary center situated in a lower-middle-income country.

Introduction: Video Electroencephalography (VEEG) is crucial for presurgical evaluation of Drug Refractory Epilepsy (DRE). The yield of VEEG in large volume centers, particularly those situated in Low-and Middle-Income countries (LMIC) is not well studied.

Methodology: We studied 1200 adults with drug resistant focal epilepsy whose seizures were recorded during VEEG in the epilepsy monitoring unit.

Intravenous methylprednisolone is a potential add on therapy for Ring chromosome 20 syndrome.

Ring 20 syndrome is a rare cause of refractory epilepsy and non-convulsive status epilepticus in children. We report a patient with Ring 20 syndrome with refractory focal seizures and non-convulsive status epilepticus who showed good treatment response with intravenous steroids. We wish to highlight that intravenous pulse methylprednisolone is a useful treatment strategy in this setting.

Clinical spectrum of pediatric drug refractory epilepsy secondary to parieto-occipital gliosis.

Background: Parieto-occipital (PO) gliosis secondary to perinatal insult, is often associated with neurologic sequelae such as epilepsy, which can be drug resistant.

Objective: To evaluate the spectrum of epilepsy among patients presenting with seizures in association with PO gliosis and to determine factors that influence the development of epileptic encephalopathy (EE) in these patients.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients aged < 16 years with drug refractory epilepsy and PO gliosis who underwent video electroencephalography (Video EEG).

Posterior Quadrant Disconnection for Childhood Onset Sub-Hemispheric Posterior Head Region Epilepsy: Indications in an Indian Cohort and Outcome.

Background: Posterior quadrant disconnection (PQD) is an under-utilized surgical technique in the management of refractory epilepsy. There is a dearth of data pertinent to post-PQD seizure outcomes.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed patients with drug-resistant childhood-onset epilepsy who underwent PQD at our center from 2009 to 2018.

EEG-based P300 in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and its correlation with cognitive functions: A case-control study.

Objective: P300 is an event-related potential, being explored as an objective tool to assess cognition. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of auditory and visual P300 in patients with TLE having unilateral HS using electroencephalography (EEG) and to study its correlation with cognition.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional case-control study, where P300 characteristics in thirty patients with unilateral hippocampal sclerosis with refractory epilepsy were compared with fifteen age-, gender-, and years of education-matched healthy controls (M: F-10:5, mean age-28 ± 4.