Cancer Susceptibility Gene Testing in Patients With Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Implementation in a Cancer Center Oncology Clinic.

Purpose: Current guidelines recommend offering genetic susceptibility testing to individuals with pancreatic cancer regardless of family history, but previous studies have reported only moderate test uptake, highlighting the need for efficient and accessible clinical pathways for delivering pretest genetic education and testing. We evaluated gene testing uptake offered at the point-of-oncology care by a nongenetics provider in an outpatient setting.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of patients with pancreatic cancer treated at the Johns Hopkins Hospital between January 2021 and December 2023.

The impact of cardiovascular risk factors on cancer progression: a prospective study in female breast cancer survivors.

Purpose: To examine the effect of selected cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors over time on early cancer outcomes in breast cancer (BC) survivors.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted among women aged 20-65 years with an incident invasive BC enrolled in the Breast and Ovarian Surveillance Service (BOSS) Cohort between 2005 and 2013. CVD risk based on selected risk factors was assessed at baseline and two follow-ups.

Alcohol Consumption Does not Modify the Polygenic Risk Score-Based Genetic Risk of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

High genetic risk and alcohol consumption ≥1 drink/day are associated with increased breast cancer risk. However, the interaction between alcohol and genetics on breast cancer risk is poorly understood, including in populations not enriched with daily drinkers. We prospectively studied 5,651 White and Black postmenopausal women in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study.

Patterns of Subsequent Cancer Incidence Over Time in Patients with Breast Cancer.

Background: Breast cancer survivors face a higher risk of subsequent primary cancers. This study investigated the patterns of subsequent cancer risk according to time since breast cancer diagnosis.

Methods: Using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (2000-2018), we identified a cohort of 771,681 breast cancer survivors.

Impact of major depressive disorder on breast cancer outcomes: a national retrospective cohort study.

Background: Establishing whether women with major depressive disorder (MDD) who develop breast cancer (BC) have poor outcomes is key to optimizing care for this population. To address this, we examined associations between MDD and BC recurrence and mortality.

Methods: Using medical record data from the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, we established a retrospective cohort of women with local or regional stage invasive BC between 2010 and 2019 and followed through 2022.

The food environment and postdiagnosis weight gain among Black women breast cancer survivors in Maryland.

Background: Weight management is included in the American Cancer Society/American Society of Clinical Oncology Breast Cancer Survivorship Care Guidelines for its clinical impact on breast cancer (BC) survivorship. Few studies have examined the impact of neighborhood-level factors associated with postdiagnosis weight change among Black BC survivors.

Methods: We recruited 100 Black female BC survivors to complete an online survey, including demographic, clinical characteristics, and lifestyle factors, between January 5, 2022 and August 18, 2022.

Patient experiences of cancer genetic testing by non-genetics providers in the surgical setting.

As indications for hereditary cancer genetic testing (GT) for patients with breast cancer (BC) expand, breast surgery teams offer GT to newly diagnosed patients to inform surgical plans. There is, however, limited data on the experiences of patients undergoing cancer GT by non-genetic providers. This study used in-depth interviews with 21 women recently diagnosed with BC at a large academic health system to capture their experiences.

USPSTF recommends biennial mammography for breast cancer screening in women aged 40 to 74 y.

US Preventive Services Task Force; Nicholson WK, Silverstein M, Wong JB, et al. JAMA. 2024;331:1918-1930.

Food security among black breast cancer survivors in Maryland: insights from an online pilot study.

Purpose: Food security, and reliable access to nutritious food, is essential for maintaining health yet remains elusive for many, including U.S. patients with breast cancer (BC).

High end-of-treatment hepatitis B core-related antigen levels predict hepatitis flare after stopping nucleot(s)ide analogue therapy.

Background And Aims: Accurate biomarkers to predict outcomes following discontinuation of nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) therapy are needed. We evaluated serum hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) level as a biomarker for predicting outcomes after NA discontinuation.

Methods: Patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) without cirrhosis were enrolled in a prospective trial evaluating clinical outcomes until 96 weeks after NA discontinuation.

Aspirin vs Placebo as Adjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer: The Alliance A011502 Randomized Trial.

Importance: Observational studies of survivors of breast cancer and prospective trials of aspirin for cardiovascular disease suggest improved breast cancer survival among aspirin users, but prospective studies of aspirin to prevent breast cancer recurrence are lacking.

Objective: To determine whether aspirin decreases the risk of invasive cancer events among survivors of breast cancer.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A011502, a phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial conducted in the United States and Canada with 3020 participants who had high-risk nonmetastatic breast cancer, enrolled participants from 534 sites from January 6, 2017, through December 4, 2020, with follow-up to March 4, 2023.

Fine-mapping analysis including over 254,000 East Asian and European descendants identifies 136 putative colorectal cancer susceptibility genes.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 200 common genetic variants independently associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but the causal variants and target genes are mostly unknown. We sought to fine-map all known CRC risk loci using GWAS data from 100,204 cases and 154,587 controls of East Asian and European ancestry. Our stepwise conditional analyses revealed 238 independent association signals of CRC risk, each with a set of credible causal variants (CCVs), of which 28 signals had a single CCV.

Dietary Fiber Intake and Risk of Advanced and Aggressive Forms of Prostate Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of 15 Prospective Cohort Studies.

Background: Evidence of an association between dietary fiber intake and risk of advanced and aggressive forms of prostate cancer (PC) and PC mortality is limited.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine associations between intakes of dietary fiber overall and by food source and risk of advanced and aggressive forms of PC.

Design: The study design was a pooled analysis of the primary data from 15 cohorts in 3 continents.

A qualitative feasibility study of a prototype patient-centered video intervention to increase uptake of cancer genetic testing among Black Americans.

Background: Health advances due to developments in genomic medicine are unequally experienced in the USA; racial differences in the uptake of genetic testing are one factor in this disparity. In collaboration with Black patients and diverse health care providers, we are developing a patient-centered video intervention to increase cancer genetic testing among eligible Black Americans. The objective of the pilot work is to explore the acceptability of and support for the intervention and key content components.

Salpingectomy for ectopic pregnancy reduces ovarian cancer risk-a nationwide study.

Recent studies propose fallopian tubes as the tissue origin for many ovarian epithelial cancers. To further support this paradigm, we assessed whether salpingectomy for treating ectopic pregnancy had a protective effect using the Taiwan Longitudinal National Health Research Database. We identified 316 882 women with surgical treatment for ectopic pregnancy and 3 168 820 age- and index-date-matched controls from 2000 to 2016.

Impact of Patient Navigation on Reducing Breast Imaging Disparities and Applications in the COVID-19 Era.

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted breast cancer screening with concerns that this may lead to increased overall breast cancer mortality and worsened racial and ethnic disparities in breast cancer survival. As pandemic recovery efforts are underway, we must be prepared to address barriers to timely access of breast imaging services, including those that existed prior to the pandemic, as well as any new barriers that may arise as a result of the pandemic. Patient navigation is an important tool that has been shown to address barriers to timely breast imaging access and help reduce disparities.

BMI and breast cancer risk around age at menopause.

Background: A high body mass index (BMI, kg/m) is associated with decreased risk of breast cancer before menopause, but increased risk after menopause. Exactly when this reversal occurs in relation to menopause is unclear. Locating that change point could provide insight into the role of adiposity in breast cancer etiology.

Allometric versus traditional body-shape indices and risk of colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomization analysis.

Background: Traditional body-shape indices such as Waist Circumference (WC), Hip Circumference (HC), and Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but are correlated with Body Mass Index (BMI), and adjustment for BMI introduces a strong correlation with height. Thus, new allometric indices have been developed, namely A Body Shape Index (ABSI), Hip Index (HI), and Waist-to-Hip Index (WHI), which are uncorrelated with weight and height; these have also been associated with CRC risk in observational studies, but information from Mendelian randomization (MR) studies is missing.

Methods: We used two-sample MR to examine potential causal cancer site- and sex-specific associations of the genetically-predicted allometric body-shape indices with CRC risk, and compared them with BMI-adjusted traditional body-shape indices, and BMI.

International Pooled Analysis of Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Premenopausal Breast Cancer in Women From 19 Cohorts.

Purpose: There is strong evidence that leisure-time physical activity is protective against postmenopausal breast cancer risk but the association with premenopausal breast cancer is less clear. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of physical activity with the risk of developing premenopausal breast cancer.

Methods: We pooled individual-level data on self-reported leisure-time physical activity across 19 cohort studies comprising 547,601 premenopausal women, with 10,231 incident cases of breast cancer.