Enhancing gut microbiota and microbial function with inulin supplementation in children with obesity.

Background And Objectives: Gut dysbiosis that resulted from the alteration between host-microbe interaction might worsen obesity-induced systemic inflammation. Gut microbiota manipulation by supplementation of prebiotic inulin may reverse metabolic abnormalities and improve obesity. This study aimed to determine whether inulin supplementation improved intestinal microbiota and microbial functional pathways in children with obesity.

Inulin supplementation exhibits increased muscle mass via gut-muscle axis in children with obesity: double evidence from clinical and in vitro studies.

Gut microbiota manipulation may reverse metabolic abnormalities in obesity. Our previous studies demonstrated that inulin supplementation significantly promoted Bifidobacterium and fat-free mass in obese children. We aimed to study gut-muscle axis from inulin supplementation in these children.

The Impact of Dietary Fiber as a Prebiotic on Inflammation in Children with Obesity.

Background: Obesity is associated with dysbiosis, contributing to inflammation and insulin resistance. Inulin might reduce inflammation by manipulating intestinal microbiota. Objective: We aimed to determine the effects of inulin supplementation on inflammation and assess the relationships of inflammatory cytokines with adiposity and insulin resistance in obese Thai children.

Effects of inulin supplementation on body composition and metabolic outcomes in children with obesity.

Inulin might improve body composition in obese children. We aimed to determine the effects of inulin supplementation on body composition and metabolic outcomes in obese children. A randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled study was conducted in obese Thai children aged 7-15 years.

Association of Human Intestinal Microbiota with Lifestyle Activity, Adiposity, and Metabolic Profiles in Thai Children with Obesity.

Background: Dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota may be linked to pathogenesis of obesity and metabolic disorders.

Objective: This study compared the gut microbiome of obese Thai children with that of healthy controls and examined their relationships with host lifestyle, adiposity, and metabolic profiles.

Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled obese children aged 7-15.

Tailoring an online breastfeeding course for Southeast Asian paediatric trainees- A qualitative study of user experience from Malaysia and Thailand.

Background: This study explored the user experiences of paediatric postgraduate trainees in Malaysia and Thailand in using a 2 h and 15 min online module for breastfeeding developed for Southeast Asia, which was adapted from existing European online modules for European and German Continuing Medical Education (CME) credits.

Methods: A qualitative study using focus group discussions (FGDs) was conducted with paediatric postgraduate trainees who used an online English-language breastfeeding module in two Thai universities (May 2020, done online) and two Malaysian universities (Sept- Nov 2019, in-person). FGDs explored module usability and utility.

Glycemic index and glycemic load of common fruit juices in Thailand.

Background: The glycemic index (GI) reflects body responses to different carbohydrate-rich foods. Generally, it cannot be simply predicted from the composition of the food but needs in vivo testing.

Methods: Healthy adult volunteers with normal body mass index were recruited.

ATCC 6475 metabolites upregulate the serotonin transporter in the intestinal epithelium.

The serotonin transporter (SERT) readily takes up serotonin (5-HT), thereby regulating the availability of 5-HT within the intestine. In the absence of SERT, 5-HT remains in the interstitial space and has the potential to aberrantly activate the many 5-HT receptors distributed on the epithelium, immune cells and enteric neurons. Perturbation of SERT is common in many gastrointestinal disorders as well as mouse models of colitis.

Effects of low-glycemic index diet on plasma adipokines in obese children.

Background: A low-glycemic index (GI) diet may modulate adipocyte-produced adipokines linking to insulin resistance.

Methods: The stored plasma samples from the RCT of a low-GI vs. conventional diet in obese children were analyzed for adipokines: leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and visfatin.

Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire Correlated with Body Compositions of Thai Children and Adolescents with Obesity: A Pilot Study.

Introduction: Obesity is a major threat to public health. Eating behavior and dietary intake of especially high energy-dense food with low nutrients contribute to the current epidemic of childhood obesity. However, the relationship between eating behavior and body composition has yet to be examined in Thai children and adolescents with obesity.

Immunomodulation of dendritic cells by Lactobacillus reuteri surface components and metabolites.

Background: Lactic acid bacteria are commensal members of the gut microbiota and are postulated to promote host health. Secreted factors and cell surface components from Lactobacillus species have been shown to modulate the host immune system. However, the precise role of L.

Growth, Body Composition, and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at 2 Years Among Preterm Infants Fed an Exclusive Human Milk Diet in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Pilot Study.

Long-term outcomes of preterm infants fed an exclusive human milk-based (EHM) diet using a donor human milk-based fortifier are not well defined. Infants ≤1,250 g birth weight (BW) were studied prospectively at two outpatient visits: 12-15 and 18-22 months corrected age (CA). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III (BSID-III) were performed at 18-22 months CA.

Premature small for gestational age infants fed an exclusive human milk-based diet achieve catch-up growth without metabolic consequences at 2 years of age.

Objective: To compare postdischarge growth, adiposity and metabolic outcomes of appropriate for gestational age (AGA) versus small for gestational age (SGA) premature infants fed an exclusive human milk (HM)-based diet in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Design: Premature infants (birth weight ≤1250 g) fed an exclusive HM-based diet were examined at 12-15 months corrected gestational age (CGA) (visit 1) for anthropometrics, serum glucose and non-fasting insulin, and at 18-22 months CGA (visit 2) for body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Results: Of 51 children, 33 were AGA and 18 were SGA at birth.

Low-glycemic index diet may improve insulin sensitivity in obese children.

Background: A low-glycemic index (GI) diet may be beneficial for weight management due to its effect on insulin metabolism and satiety.

Methods: Obese children aged 9-16 y were randomly assigned either a low-GI diet or a low-fat diet (control group) for 6 mo. Body composition changes were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis.

Bleeding tendency in an adolescent with chronic small bowel obstruction.

We report a case of fat-soluble vitamin deficiency in a 14-year old boy who had chronic duodenal obstruction. He presented with periodic unexplained bleeding tendency. The laboratory results showed positive fat globules in stool and prolonged prothrombin time.