Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after heart-lung transplantation: a case report and review of literature.

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is regarded as a manifestation of chronic rejection after lung transplantation and remains the major cause of late morbidity and mortality after lung and heart-lung transplantation. The authors, herein, reported the first documented case of a patient who receiving heart-lung transplantation at our institute and developed BOS as a late complication. The patient presented 5 years after received heart-lung transplantation with progressive shortness of breath due to obstructive lung disease.