The effect of intravitreal injections on dry eye, and proposed management strategies.

Intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents has become a commonly used treatment method for a number of ophthalmic conditions, including age-related macular degeneration. Although anti-VEGF therapy has shown promising results for many patients, there are several aspects of its application that have not been thoroughly investigated. One of these is the development and/or escalation of concurrent dry eye syndrome.

The association of refractive error, strabismus, and amblyopia with congenital ptosis.

Purpose: To determine the frequency of amblyopia and its associations among children with congenital ptosis.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of 92 active patients with congenital ptosis in the practices of 2 of the authors. The main outcome measures were relative eyelid ptosis severity, presence and type of strabismus, refractive error, and amblyopia.