Prevalence of Retinal Venous Malformations in Patients With Cerebral Cavernous or Arteriovenous Malformations.

Background: Cerebral vascular malformations (CVMs) may result in hemorrhage, seizure, neurologic dysfunction, and death. CVMs include capillary telangiectasias, venous malformations, cavernous malformations, and arteriovenous malformations. Cavernous and arteriovenous malformations carry the highest risk of complications.