Drought Stress Response in Guar ( (L.) Taub): Physiological and Molecular Genetic Aspects.

Drought has become one of the main factors of crop yield losses worldwide. This negatively affects the plant industry, decreasing crop yields, and it may result in resource deficits in different sectors of the world economy and its national branches. Guar ( (L.

Environment as a limiting factor of the historical global spread of mungbean.

While the domestication process has been investigated in many crops, the detailed route of cultivation range expansion and factors governing this process received relatively little attention. Here, using mungbean ( var. ) as a test case, we investigated the genomes of more than 1000 accessions to illustrate climatic adaptation's role in dictating the unique routes of cultivation range expansion.

Historical Routes for Diversification of Domesticated Chickpea Inferred from Landrace Genomics.

According to archaeological records, chickpea (Cicer arietinum) was first domesticated in the Fertile Crescent about 10,000 years BP. Its subsequent diversification in Middle East, South Asia, Ethiopia, and the Western Mediterranean, however, remains obscure and cannot be resolved using only archeological and historical evidence. Moreover, chickpea has two market types: "desi" and "kabuli," for which the geographic origin is a matter of debate.

Draft Genome Sequence of Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) Microsymbiont sp. Strain RCAM05973.

Here, we present the draft genome sequence of sp. strain RCAM05973 which was isolated from a Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (guar) root nodule. The genome contains 6,937,221 bp in 2 contigs and has a GC content of 60%.

Alkaloid content variability in the seeds of narrow-leafed lupine accessions from the VIR collection under the conditions of the Russian Northwest.

Alkaloid content was assessed in the seeds of 59 narrow-leafed lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) accessions from the VIR collection in the environments of Leningrad Province. The selected set included accessions of different statuses (wild forms, landraces, and advanced cultivars) and different years of introduction to the collection.

Phenotypic traits differentiating the genetic resources of pea (Pisum sativum L.) by the type of use.

The paper presents an analysis of the data obtained for pea accessions from the VIR collection studied at the Adler Experiment Station in the setting of the Krasnodar Territory in 2017-2019. It was for the f irst time that these accessions were studied for a set of phenotypic traits. The object of the study was a sample of 494 pea accessions originated from 43 countries and 18 regions and territories of the Russian Federation.

Rhizobacteria Mitigate the Negative Effect of Aluminum on Pea Growth by Immobilizing the Toxicant and Modulating Root Exudation.

High soil acidity is one of the main unfavorable soil factors that inhibit the growth and mineral nutrition of plants. This is largely due to the toxicity of aluminum (Al), the mobility of which increases significantly in acidic soils. Symbiotic microorganisms have a wide range of beneficial properties for plants, protecting them against abiotic stress factors.

[Ct-angiography in assessment of critical occlusive carotid artery disease].

Background: Occlusive carotid artery disease is still one of the major causes of ischemic stroke in the world. Progression of severe carotid stenosis may lead to critical stenosis and vascular occlusion. Nevertheless, there is still no pure definition of the concept of critical occlusive carotid artery disease.

Genetic resources of narrow-leaved lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) and their role in its domestication and breeding.

Narrow-leaved lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) is a cultivated multipurpose species with a very short history of domestication. It is used as a green manure, and for feed and food.

Determinants of brain swelling in pediatric and adult cerebral malaria.

Cerebral malaria (CM) affects children and adults, but brain swelling is more severe in children. To investigate features associated with brain swelling in malaria, we performed blood profiling and brain MRI in a cohort of pediatric and adult patients with CM in Rourkela, India, and compared them with an African pediatric CM cohort in Malawi. We determined that higher plasma Plasmodium falciparum histidine rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) levels and elevated var transcripts that encode for binding to endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) were linked to CM at both sites.

Alkaloids of narrow-leaved lupine as a factor determining alternative ways of the crop's utilization and breeding.

Narrow-leaved lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.), a valuable leguminous crop adapted to a wide range of climatic conditions, has a very short history of domestication. For many centuries it was used mainly as a green manure, since the success and prospects of the multi-purpose use of the species depend on its breeding improvement, in particular, on a particular concentration of alkaloids in seeds and green mass.

Selection of an optimal method for screening the collection of narrow-leaved lupine held by the Vavilov Institute for the qualitative and quantitative composition of seed alkaloids.

Narrow-leaved lupine (Lupinus аngustifolius L.) is a widely cultivated leguminous forage and green manure crop with a potential for human nutrition. However, the presence of secondary metabolites - alkaloids - in lupine seeds considerably affects the quality of raw produce, reducing its nutritive value; in addition, high concentrations of alkaloids are toxic to humans and animals.

Genomic Analysis of Vavilov's Historic Chickpea Landraces Reveals Footprints of Environmental and Human Selection.

A defining challenge of the 21st century is meeting the nutritional demands of the growing human population, under a scenario of limited land and water resources and under the specter of climate change. The Vavilov seed bank contains numerous landraces collected nearly a hundred years ago, and thus may contain 'genetic gems' with the potential to enhance modern breeding efforts. Here, we analyze 407 landraces, sampled from major historic centers of chickpea cultivation and secondary diversification.

Multi-trait analysis of domestication genes in Cicer arietinum - Cicer reticulatum hybrids with a multidimensional approach: Modeling wide crosses for crop improvement.

Domestication and subsequent breeding have eroded genetic diversity in the modern chickpea crop by ˜100-fold. Corresponding reductions to trait variation create the need, and an opportunity, to identify and harness the genetic capacity of wild species for crop improvement. Here we analyze trait segregation in a series of wild x cultivated hybrid populations to delineate the genetic underpinnings of domestication traits.

Binding Heterogeneity of Plasmodium falciparum to Engineered 3D Brain Microvessels Is Mediated by EPCR and ICAM-1.

Cerebral malaria is a severe neurological complication associated with sequestration of -infected erythrocytes (IE) in the brain microvasculature, but the specific binding interactions remain under debate. Here, we have generated an engineered three-dimensional (3D) human brain endothelial microvessel model and studied binding under the large range of physiological flow velocities that occur in both health and disease. Perfusion assays on 3D microvessels reveal previously unappreciated phenotypic heterogeneity in parasite binding to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-activated brain endothelial cells.

Aluminum exclusion from root zone and maintenance of nutrient uptake are principal mechanisms of Al tolerance in L.

Our study aimed to evaluate intraspecific variability of pea ( L.) in Al tolerance and to reveal mechanisms underlying genotypic differences in this trait. At the first stage, 106 pea genotypes were screened for Al tolerance using root re-elongation assay based on staining with eriochrome cyanine R.

Genomic and phenotypic analysis of Vavilov's historic landraces reveals the impact of environment and genomic islands of agronomic traits.

The Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), in St. Petersburg, Russia, houses a unique genebank, with historical collections of landraces. When they were collected, the geographical distribution and genetic diversity of most crops closely reflected their historical patterns of cultivation established over the preceding millennia.

Beauty will save the world, but will the world save beauty? The case of the highly endangered Vavilovia formosa (Stev.) Fed.

Vavilovia formosa (Stev.) Fed. is a scientifically valuable common ancestor of the plant tribe Fabeae and also important in breeding and agronomy studies of the cultivated Fabeae, but it is close to extinction.

Geographical gradient of the eIF4E alleles conferring resistance to potyviruses in pea (Pisum) germplasm.

Background: The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E was shown to be involved in resistance against several potyviruses in plants, including pea. We combined our knowledge of pea germplasm diversity with that of the eIF4E gene to identify novel genetic diversity.

Methodology/principal Findings: Germplasm of 2803 pea accessions was screened for eIF4E intron 3 length polymorphism, resulting in the detection of four eIF4E(A-B-C-S) variants, whose distribution was geographically structured.

Development of 161 novel EST-SSR markers from Lathyrus sativus (Fabaceae).

Premise Of The Study: Expressed sequence tag (ESTs)-derived microsatellite markers were developed in Lathyrus sativus by screening the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. The usefulness of these novel markers was validated for size polymorphism among grasspea accessions. •

Methods And Results: Three hundred EST-simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs were identified and loci characterized for size polymorphism among 24 grasspea accessions from worldwide sources.

Genetic diversity in European Pisum germplasm collections.

The distinctness of, and overlap between, pea genotypes held in several Pisum germplasm collections has been used to determine their relatedness and to test previous ideas about the genetic diversity of Pisum. Our characterisation of genetic diversity among 4,538 Pisum accessions held in 7 European Genebanks has identified sources of novel genetic variation, and both reinforces and refines previous interpretations of the overall structure of genetic diversity in Pisum. Molecular marker analysis was based upon the presence/absence of polymorphism of retrotransposon insertions scored by a high-throughput microarray and SSAP approaches.