Correlating W-Boson Mass Shift with Muon g-2 in the Two Higgs Doublet Model.

We show an interesting correlation between the recent high precision measurement of the W-boson mass by the CDF Collaboration and the muon (g-2) anomaly in the context of the two Higgs doublet model. One-loop diagrams involving the exchange of neutral scalar bosons can explain the muon (g-2), which, however, requires significant mass splittings among members of the second Higgs doublet. These splittings also generate a positive shift in the mass of the W boson, consistent with the recent CDF measurement.

Minimal Realization of Light Thermal Dark Matter.

We propose a minimal UV-complete model for kinematically forbidden dark matter (DM) leading to a sub-GeV thermal relic. Our crucial realization is that the two-Higgs-doublet model can provide a light mediator through which the DM can annihilate into standard model leptons, avoiding indirect detection constraints. The DM mass is predicted to be very close to the mass of the leptons, which can potentially be identified from DM annihilation into gamma rays.

The effect of temperature on water desalination through two-dimensional nanopores.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, molybdenum sulfide, and hexagonal boron nitride are widely studied for separation applications such as water desalination. Desalination across such 2D nanoporous membranes is largely influenced by the bulk transport properties of water, which are, in turn, sensitive to the operating temperature. However, there have been no studies on the effect of temperature on desalination through 2D nanopores.

Association of Flavonifractor plautii, a Flavonoid-Degrading Bacterium, with the Gut Microbiome of Colorectal Cancer Patients in India.

Recently, dysbiosis in the human gut microbiome and shifts in the relative abundances of several bacterial species have been recognized as important factors in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, these studies have been carried out mainly in developed countries where CRC has a high incidence, and it is unclear whether the host-microbiome relationships deduced from these studies can be generalized to the global population. To test if the documented associations between the microbiome and CRC are conserved in a distinct context, we performed metagenomic and metabolomic association studies on fecal samples from 30 CRC patients and 30 healthy controls from two different locations in India, followed by a comparison of CRC data available from other populations.

Water flow in carbon nanotubes: the role of tube chirality.

We investigated the effects of the chirality of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on water transport using molecular dynamics simulations. For the study, we considered CNTs with similar diameter and varying chiralities, obtained by altering the chiral indices (n,m) of the nanotubes. The tubes with an armchair (n = m) structure show the maximum streaming velocity, flux, flow rate enhancement and slip length, whereas the corresponding values are lower for chiral (n≠m) tubes, and are the lowest in zigzag (m = 0) CNTs.

Water desalination using graphene nanopores: influence of the water models used in simulations.

Molecular dynamics simulations are widely employed to analyze water and ion permeation through nanoporous membranes for reverse osmosis applications. In such simulations, water models play an important role in accurately reproducing the properties of water. We investigated the water and ion transport across a hydroxyl (OH) functionalized graphene nanopore using six water models: SPC, SPC/E, SPC/Fw, TIP3P, TIP4P, and TIP4P/2005.