Biofilm inhibition/eradication: exploring strategies and confronting challenges in combatting biofilm.

Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms enclosed in a self-produced extracellular matrix, posing a significant threat to different sectors, including healthcare and industry. This review provides an overview of the challenges faced due to biofilm formation and different novel strategies that can combat biofilm formation. Bacteria inside the biofilm exhibit increased resistance against different antimicrobial agents, including conventional antibiotics, which can lead to severe problems in livestock and animals, including humans.

quorum-sensing molecule N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone mediates Ca dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in human peripheral blood lymphocytes.

N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone is a secreted quorum-sensing molecule that mediates the secretion of virulence factors, biofilm formation and plays a pivotal role in proliferation and persistence in the host. Apart from regulating quorum-sensing, the autoinducer signal molecule N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (3O-C12-HSL or C12) of a LasI-LasR circuit exhibits immunomodulatory effects and induces apoptosis in various host cells. However, the precise pathophysiological impact of C12 on human peripheral blood lymphocytes and its involvement in mitochondrial dysfunction remained largely elusive.

Data regarding anti-quorum sensing and antimicrobial activity of and essential oil against .

To combat the increasing number of multi-drug resistant bacteria, researchers are now looking for alternatives that reduce the virulence and pathogenic potential of the bacteria without killing it. It can be accomplished by interfering with the quorum sensing (QS) system of bacteria. In this article, we aim to determine the antimicrobial and anti-QS activity of and essential oils (EOs) against .

Pseudomonas quinolone signal induces organelle stress and dysregulates inflammation in human macrophages.

Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) is a quorum-sensing molecule associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa that regulates quorum sensing, extracellular vesicle biogenesis, iron acquisition, and the secretion of virulence factors. PQS has been shown to have immunomodulatory effects on the host. It induces oxidative stress, modulates cytokine levels, and activates regulated cell death in the host.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing molecule N-(3-oxododecanoyl) homoserine lactone induces calcium signaling-dependent crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis in human macrophages.

N-(3-oxododecanoyl) homoserine lactone (3oc) is a Pseudomonas aeruginosa secreted quorum-sensing signal molecule playing a crucial role in regulating quorum-sensing (QS) dependent biofilm formation and secretion of virulence factors. In addition to regulating quorum sensing, 3oc also plays an immunomodulatory role in the host by triggering regulated cell death in immune cells. The molecular mechanisms of 3oc in modulating macrophage pathologies are still unclear.

Evaluation of anti-biofilm, anti-quorum, anti-dysenteric potential of designed polyherbal formulation: in vitro and in vivo study.

Bacillary dysentery (shigellosis) continues to cause havoc worldwide, with a high infectivity rate. It causes bloody diarrhea, and around 99% of bacillary dysentery cases occur in developing countries. The objective of this study is to develop a polyherbal formulation with the scientific rationale in treating infectious bacillary dysentery disease.

An in vivo acute toxicity and anti-shigellosis effect of designed formulation on rat.

Introduction: Shigellosis is an intestinal disease and is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality among children in India. The study aims to analyze the effect of the designed formulation on the hematological parameters in shigellosis-induced rats and assess the in vivo toxicity of this formulation.

Methods: Male Wistar rats were housed in different groups.

Screening of anti-microbial, anti-biofilm activity, and cytotoxicity analysis of a designed polyherbal formulation against shigellosis.

Background: Shigellosis is an infectious intestinal disease common in rural communities. In developing countries, shigellosis is caused predominantly by Shigella flexneri and has been determined as a major cause of morbidity and mortality.

Objective: The study investigates the anti-biofilm, anti-microbial, and anti-shigellosis activity of a designed formulation.

Evaluating the efficacy of nitazoxanide in uncomplicated amebic liver abscess.

Background: Amebic liver abscess is treated successfully with metronidazole or another nitroimidazole drug followed by a luminal amebicide. Metronidazole has long been preferred, but has been associated with several adverse effects including intolerance in certain clinical situations. Mechanisms of metronidazole resistance and mutagenic potential have been described.

Autoinducer N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone induces calcium and reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial damage and apoptosis in blood platelets.

Acylated homoserine lactones (AHL) such as N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C HSL) and N-butyryl-l-homoserine lactone (C HSL) are the most common autoinducer molecules in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These AHL molecules not only regulate the expression of virulence factors but also have been shown to interfere with the host cell and modulate its functions. Recently, we reported that 3-oxo-C HSL but not C HSL causes cytosolic Ca rise and ROS production in platelets.

Crosstalk between Platelet and Bacteria: A Therapeutic Prospect.

Platelets are typically recognized for their roles in the maintenance of hemostasis and vascular wall repair to reduce blood loss. Beyond hemostasis, platelets also play a critical role in pathophysiological conditions like atherosclerosis, stroke, thrombosis, and infections. During infection, platelets interact directly and indirectly with bacteria through a wide range of cellular and molecular mechanisms.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing molecule N-(3-oxo-dodecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in neutrophils through calcium signaling.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that utilizes the quorum-sensing (QS) process to regulate the production of different virulence factors and biofilm. N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C12) is a key QS molecule of P. aeruginosa which interacts with the mammalian immune cells and modulates their function.

Mechanism underlying N-(3-oxo-dodecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone mediated intracellular calcium mobilization in human platelets.

Acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), are the key autoinducer molecules that mediate Pseudomonas aeruginosa associated quorum sensing. P. aeruginosa produces two types of AHLs; N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C HSL) and N-butyryl-L-homoserine lactone (C4 HSL).

RENAL nephrometry score: Predicting perioperative outcomes following open partial nephrectomy.

Background: Partial nephrectomy has emerged as a standard treatment for small renal masses offering oncologic control equivalent to radical nephrectomy, with preservation of renal function and evidence for equivalent survival. In this study, we evaluated RENAL nephrometry score (RNS) in predicting perioperative outcomes in patients with partial nephrectomy.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted from February 2016 to August 2017 which included patients who underwent partial nephrectomy.

Designing quorum sensing inhibitors of utilizing FabI: an enzymic drug target from fatty acid synthesis pathway.

infections are a leading cause of death in patients suffering from respiratory diseases. The multidrug-resistant nature of is potentiated by a process known as quorum sensing. The aim of this study was to reveal new inhibitors of a well-validated but quite unexplored target, enoyl-ACP reductase, which contributes acyl chain lengths of -acyl homoserine lactones that are major signaling molecules in gram-negative bacteria.

Hypertension as Determinant of Hyperuricemia: A Case Control Study from the Sub-Himalayan Region in North India.

Background: Association between hyperuricemia and hypertension has been recognized for many years. Whether hyperuricemia is the cause or the effect is debatable.

Materials And Methods: This case control study was conducted to assess serum uric acid (SUA) levels in fifty newly diagnosed essential hypertensive patients and fifty normotensive controls which were matched for age and sex.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing molecule N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-l-homoserine lactone activates human platelets through intracellular calcium-mediated ROS generation.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen release N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-CHSL) and N-butyryl-l-homoserine lactone (C-HSL) quorum sensing (QS) molecules to regulate various virulence factors responsible for infection in the host. 3-oxo-C HSL not only regulates the bacterial gene expression but also modulates the host cell system. Thus, it is pertinent to evaluate the effect of these QS molecules on blood platelets which is responsible for the maintenance of hemostasis and thrombus formation.

Exploring the impact of parthenolide as anti-quorum sensing and anti-biofilm agent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Aims: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a well-known pathogen responsible for various infections due to its capability to develop biofilm and various virulent phenotypes that are regulated by quorum sensing. Pathogenesis of the bacteria may be halted by interfering with the signaling molecules and the quorum sensing receptors. Therefore, the present study explores the potential of parthenolide, a sesquiterpene lactone of feverfew plant, as a promising candidate against P.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa auto inducer3-oxo-C-HSL exerts bacteriostatic effect and inhibits Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa has evolved the 3-oxo-C-HSL and C-HSL based quorum sensing system which is responsible for the regulation of various virulence factors and helps to dominates over other bacterial species. Staphylococcus epidermidis has frequently been reported with P. aeruginosa while the role of C-HSL and 3-oxo-C-HSL on the S.

Structure based virtual screening for identification of potential quorum sensing inhibitors against LasR master regulator in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Inter and intracellular communication in bacteria, which is known as quorum sensing (QS), is mediated by small diffusible signaling molecules known as autoinducers. QS regulates various virulence factors responsible for pathogenesis. Increasing resistance of microorganisms against traditional antibiotics has turned the focus towards the QS as it exerts less selective pressure preventing development of resistance among microorganisms.

Effect of Cinnamon Oil on Quorum Sensing-Controlled Virulence Factors and Biofilm Formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Quorum sensing (QS) is a system of stimuli and responses in bacterial cells governed by their population density, through which they regulate genes that control virulence factors and biofilm formation. Despite considerable research on QS and the discovery of new antibiotics, QS-controlled biofilm formation by microorganisms in clinical settings has remained a problem because of nascent drug resistance, which requires screening of diverse compounds for anti-QS activities. Cinnamon is a dietary phytochemical that is traditionally used to remedy digestive problems and assorted contagions, which suggests that cinnamon might contain chemicals that can hinder the QS process.

The implications of recent advances in carboxymethyl chitosan based targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering applications.

Over the last decade carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) has emerged as a promising biopolymer for the development of new drug delivery systems and improved scaffolds along with other tissue engineering devices for regenerative medicine that is currently one of the most rapidly growing fields in the life sciences. CMCS is amphiprotic ether, derived from chitosan, exhibiting enhanced aqueous solubility, excellent biocompatibility, controllable biodegradability, osteogenesis ability and numerous other outstanding physicochemical and biological properties. More strikingly, it can load hydrophobic drugs and displays strong bioactivity which highlight its suitability and extensive usage for preparing different drug delivery and tissue engineering formulations respectively.

Efficacy of putrescine and benzyladenine on photosynthesis and productivity in relation to drought tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

An experiment was conducted to find out the efficacy of putrescine and benzyladenine on photosynthesis and productivity in wheat. Seeds of wheat genotype HD 2329 (widely adapted under irrigated condition) were grown in ceramic pots under standard package and practices. Putrescine (0.

Biomedical applications of carboxymethyl chitosans.

This review outlines the recent developments on carboxymethyl chitosan-based bio-medical applications. Carboxymethyl chitosan, a water soluble derivative of chitosan, with enhanced biological and physicochemical properties compared to chitosan, has emerged as a promising candidate for different biomedical applications. Introducing small chemical groups like carboxymethyl to the chitosan structure can drastically increase the solubility of chitosan at neutral and alkaline pH values without affecting their characteristic properties.