[Methodological approaches to experimental investigation of drugs for the prophylaxis and treatment of prostate gland disorders].

New methodological approaches to preclinical study of the efficiency of potential prostatotropic drugs are suggested on the basis of original research and published data. An algorithm is proposed to investigate specific activity and safety of potential drugs for the prevention and treatment of prostate disorders.

[Methodological approaches to the experimental investigation of dermotropic drugs].

Methodological approaches to preclinical evaluation of the efficiency of potential dermotropic preparations are proposed on the basis of original investigations and an analysis of published data. At the first stage of the preclinical investigation of preparations for external application, it is necessary to estimate their acute toxicity, allergenic activity, and local irritation effect in addition to studying the specific activity.

[Treatment results in endometrial cancer in patients of reproductive age].

195 reproductive patients (23-29 years--6.2%, 40-45 years--57.4%) were treated for endometrial carcinoma.

[Methodologic and organizational principles of selective screening for cervical, endometrial and ovarian carcinoma].

Data are presented on screening for cervical (CC), endometrial (UC) and ovarian (OC) carcinoma carried out in the Republic of Belarus as well as a discussion of logistic and methodologic aspects of the problem. Local "centers for prevention and early diagnosis of reproductive organ tumors" form the backbone of the national system. They operate on the basis of the existing guidelines about such matters as screening staging, sites, examination procedures used at each stage and suitable distribution of medical personnel (obstetricians, doctor's assistants, gynecologists).

[Efficacy of different chemotherapy programs, indications for surgery and radiotherapy in primary mediastinal B-cell lymphosarcoma].

Aim: To evaluate efficacy of treatment of primary mediastinal B-cell lymphosarcoma (PMBLS).

Material And Methods: Fifty nine patients with PMBLD were divided into three groups. Group 1 (n = 15) received 8 courses of CHOP, prevention of neuroleukemia and radiotherapy (RT).

[Invasive pulmonary aspergillesis].

Aim: To evaluate the results of therapy of invasive pulmonary aspergillesis (IPA) in one medical center from 2000 to 2005.

Material And Methods: Diagnosis of IPA was made according to the International criteria. Incidence of verified IPA was 2%, probable--84%, possible--14%.

[Peculiar relationships between endometrial carcinoma and body in young women].

The paper is concerned with certain peculiar relationships between tumor and body in 150 endometrial carcinoma patients of 45 years or younger. Metabolic and generative disorders were detected in 70%. Such disturbances as chronic anovulation (80%).

[Potentialities of high-resolution computed tomography in diagnosis of pulmonary lesions after bone marrow transplantation in blood diseases].

Aim: To study characteristics of a skialogical picture of pulmonary parenchyma and roentgenomorphological signs of inflammatory changes before and after bone marrow transplantation (BMT); relationship between the data of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and clinical data.

Material And Methods: HRCT (computer tomograph of the third generation "Somatom CR-3") was made in fever, changes in physical examination in patients (n = 28) after BMT from November 2001 to January 2003. BMT was made in myelomic disease, lymphogranulomatosis, acute leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, lymphosarcoma, autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

[Invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients].

Aim: To analyse results of treatment of invasive aspergillesis in immunocompromised patients for 2000-2002.

Material And Methods: The study was made of patients who, when treated with antibiotics, exhibited foci in the lungs typical for invasive aspergillesis. Aspergillas were detected in the sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage, bronchial wash-ups, aspergilla antigen (galactomannan) was detected in the blood.

[Opportunities of delayed densitometry of "late (fixed) contrast" as a test for tumors in residual mediastinal lesion in primary mediastinal lymphosarcoma after polychemotherapy].

Aim: To clarify the potential of delayed densitometry of late (fixed) contrast in differentiation between tumor and fibrosis in residual mediastinal lesion (RML).

Material And Methods: Computed tomography (computed tomograph of the third generation COMATOM CR-3 made in Germany, SIEMENS) has examined 12 patients with mediastinal lymphosarcomas after polychemotherapy. All of them had a RML 3 to 6 cm in diameter.

[The detection rate and clinical and diagnostic values of L forms of the pathogen in patients with pulmonary or extrapulmonary tuberculosis].

The detection rate and clinical and diagnostic values of L-forms of pathogens were determined in patients with pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Simultaneous culturing the specimens for typical and L forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) increased the number of positive results by isolating only L-forms by 10.3% in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and by 27.

[Polymerase chain reaction and ligase chain reaction in the diagnosis of gynecological tuberculosis].

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the ligase chain reaction (LCR) were evaluated and compared on 55 gynecological samples collected from women with active gynecological tuberculosis (Group 1), gynecological diseases other than tuberculosis (Group 2), and active tuberculosis elsewhere in the body without evidence for gynecological tuberculosis (Group 3). Acid fast staining and culture of Mycobacteria appeared to be ineffective in all specimens. The sensitivity of both amplification methods was 94.

[Evaluation of combined treatment in stage-II cervical cancer in terms of morphologic structure of the tumor].

The efficacy of stage II cervical cancer (CC) treatment was evaluated in two groups: squamous cell carcinoma--151, cervical adenocarcinoma (CAC)--49. All the patients received combined treatment (preoperative large-fraction brachytherapy + surgery + postoperative radiation). A comparison of the results highlighted the role of morphological pattern of tumor as a factor of cure.

[Identification of L-forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)].

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to verify the tuberculous origin of L-forms isolated from clinical non-respiratory samples from patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. PCR was made by using cultured L-forms obtained from negative and positive cultures. PCR used a total of 60 cultured L-forms different in the morphology of colonies and the rate of growth.

[Comparative evaluation of tree commercial diagnostic kits for detection of M. tuberculosis by polymerase chain reaction].

Three Russian commercial PCR diagnostic kits for detection of M. tuberculosis in clinical samples are compared. The kits were evaluated by sensitivity and convenience of analysis.

[The problems of the PCR analysis of low-bacterial-count tissue samples in extrapulmonary tuberculosis].

PCR was used to study clinical materials from patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis or diseases of nontuberculous etiology (renal tissue, scrapes of the endometrium and uterine cavity, bony fragments). It was shown that when the oligobacillary material analyzed, a concurrent study of some fragments of the sample largely enhanced the efficiency of PCR detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA. For the biopsy and surgery tissue specimens, PCR provided the best results in isolating DNA for the alkaline lysis test.

[Long-term results of comprehensive treatment for cervical cancer with poor prognosis].

The data on a randomized treatment of 100 patients with locally advanced cervical carcinoma are discussed. Half of the patients received complex therapy while the rest--radiation alone (control). The modality also included immunotherapy with epithalamin 100 mg, intramuscularly, neoadjuvant intraarterial polychemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil 2 g/m2 and cisplatin 100 mg/m2, concurrent radiotherapy with an interval and 4-6 courses of adjuvant polychemotherapy.

[Short-term and end-results of combined treatment of patients with stage-II cervical cancer].

The short-term and end-results of combined therapy of 109 patients with stage II epidermal carcinoma of cervix uteri are presented. Preoperative intracavitary large-fraction contact gamma therapy from the AGAT-B installation was followed by Wertheim's or simple hysterectomy, lymphadenectomy and distant gamma therapy. Postoperative mortality rate was 0.

[Specific features of DNA isolation for polymerase chain reaction in extrapulmonary tuberculosis].

While testing samples by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a procedure for DNA isolation is advisable adapted for different types of materials; thorough DNA purification is of the greatest importance in testing blood-containing samples, deep sample lysis is of particular importance for osseous tissue samples. A differential approach to isolating DNA from clinical samples allows the efficiency of PCR to be enhanced.

[Ways to decrease inhibition of the polymerase chain reaction by the components of the clinical specimens].

Inhibition of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by components of the analyzed specimen is an important problem in analysis of clinical material by this method. The inhibitory activity of clinical material can be decreased by additional purification of DNA by gel filtration on microcolumns. The method was developed using blood-containing specimens and tried on many clinical specimens.