Stratification of outcome of shoulder dystocia according to maneuver used for delivery, retrospective cohort and meta-analysis.

Background: Shoulder dystocia is an unpredictable obstetric condition with potential long-term neonatal complications. The risk of neonatal injury might be related to the condition itself as well as to the obstetrics maneuvers used for its release.

Objectives: To examine the available evidence to assess current management and possible improvement of outcomes.