Intraperitoneal Instillation of Bupivacaine and Ropivacaine for Postoperative Analgesia in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.

Background: Intraperitoneal instillation of local anesthetics in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has been used to reduce postoperative pain and to decrease the need for postoperative analgesics.

Aims: This study aimed to compare intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine and ropivacaine for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing LC.

Settings And Design: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind study.

Intrathecal Nalbuphine versus Ketamine with Hyperbaric Bupivacaine in Lower Abdominal Surgeries.

Background: Spinal anesthesia is an effective method of anesthesia with fewer side effects. The main limitations include the shorter duration of action and shorter postoperative analgesia when performed only with local anesthetics.

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare adjuvants nalbuphine and ketamine to hyperbaric bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia with respect to the duration of analgesia, sensory and motor onset, hemodynamic status, and side effects.

Comparison of Levobupivacaine and Levobupivacaine with Dexmedetomidine in Infraumbilical Surgeries Under Spinal Anesthesia.

Introduction: Spinal anesthesia is a widely used technique providing faster onset with effective and uniformly distributed sensory and motor block. Due to decreased cardiovascular and central nervous system toxicity, levobupivacaine is a good alternative for spinal anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine when used intrathecally is associated with prolonged motor and sensory block, hemodynamic stability, and less requirement of rescue analgesia in 24 h.