Spatial transcriptomics reveals strong association between SFRP4 and extracellular matrix remodeling in prostate cancer.

Prostate tumor heterogeneity is a major obstacle when studying the biological mechanisms of molecular markers. Increased gene expression levels of secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4) is a biomarker in aggressive prostate cancer. To understand how SFRP4 relates to prostate cancer we performed comprehensive spatial and multiomics analysis of the same prostate cancer tissue samples.

Chondrosarcoma in Norway 1990-2013; an epidemiological and prognostic observational study of a complete national cohort.

Background: Knowledge of chondrosarcoma (CS) of bone to date is based on institutional reports and registry publications with limits in reporting, detail and quality of data.

Method: We have performed a retrospective search of CS of bone in the National Cancer Registry in Norway from 1990-2013, cross checked against local tumor databases with further quality control and supplementation of all data from clinical files. The time period is defined by the routine use of axial imaging in clinical practice.

"Two hits - one stone"; increased efficacy of cisplatin-based therapies by targeting PCNA's role in both DNA repair and cellular signaling.

Low response rate and rapid development of resistance against commonly used chemotherapeutic regimes demand new multi-targeting anti-cancer strategies. In this study, we target the stress-related roles of the scaffold protein PCNA with a cell-penetrating peptide containing the PCNA-interacting motif APIM. The APIM-peptide increased the efficacy of cisplatin-based therapies in a muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) solid tumor model in rat and in bladder cancer (BC) cell lines.

Increased levels of serum miR-148a-3p are associated with prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common types of cancer and the fifth leading cause of death among men worldwide. The tools for diagnosing PCa have limited value, and to improve correct diagnosis there is a need for markers that can contribute to a more precise diagnosis, which would lead to proper treatment of only those patients who need it. Micro RNA (miRNA) plays a key role in the development of cancer and is therefore a potential marker for PCa.

A novel non-canonical Wnt signature for prostate cancer aggressiveness.

Activation of the Canonical Wnt pathway (CWP) has been linked to advanced and metastatic prostate cancer, whereas the Wnt5a-induced non-canonical Wnt pathway (NCWP) has been associated with both good and poor prognosis. A newly discovered NCWP, Wnt5/Fzd2, has been shown to induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancers, but has not been investigated in prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate if the CWP and NCWP, in combination with EMT, are associated with metabolic alterations, aggressive disease and biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer.

Gene fusions AHRR-NCOA2, NCOA2-ETV4, ETV4-AHRR, P4HA2-TBCK, and TBCK-P4HA2 resulting from the translocations t(5;8;17)(p15;q13;q21) and t(4;5)(q24;q31) in a soft tissue angiofibroma.

We present an angiofibroma of soft tissue with the karyotype 46,XY,t(4;5)(q24;q31),t(5;8;17)(p15;q13;q21)[8]/46,XY,t(1;14)(p31;q32)[2]/46,XY[3]. RNA‑sequencing showed that the t(4;5)(q24;q31) resulted in recombination of the genes TBCK on 4q24 and P4HA2 on 5q31.1 with generation of an in‑frame TBCK‑P4HA2 and the reciprocal but out‑of‑frame P4HA2‑TBCK fusion transcripts.

Presence of TMPRSS2-ERG is associated with alterations of the metabolic profile in human prostate cancer.

TMPRSS2-ERG has been proposed to be a prognostic marker for prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to identify changes in metabolism, genes and biochemical recurrence related to TMPRSS2-ERG by using an integrated approach, combining metabolomics, transcriptomics, histopathology and clinical data in a cohort of 129 human prostate samples (41 patients). Metabolic analyses revealed lower concentrations of citrate and spermine comparing ERGhigh to ERGlow samples, suggesting an increased cancer aggressiveness of ERGhigh compared to ERGlow.

Radiation Therapy Did Not Induce Long-Term Changes in Rectal Mucosa: Results From the Randomized Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group 7 Trial.

Purpose: To investigate long-term changes in the rectal mucosa after curative external beam radiation therapy in the treatment of prostate cancer.

Methods And Materials: In the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group 7 trial, 880 men with locally advanced prostate cancer were randomized to hormonal therapy alone versus hormonal therapy plus radiation therapy to 70 Gy. A subcohort from this trial being randomized at our center (n=178) was invited to a study on late anorectal side effects during 2003-2005, approximately 5 years after treatment, including measuring health-reported quality of life and physician-assessed toxicity score by the Late Effects Normal Tissue Task Force/Subjective, Objective, Management, Analytic (LENT/SOMA) and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Radiation Therapy Oncology Group score.

Increased Anticancer Efficacy of Intravesical Mitomycin C Therapy when Combined with a PCNA Targeting Peptide.

Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancers (NMIBCs) are tumors confined to the mucosa or the mucosa/submucosa. An important challenge in treatment of NMIBC is both high recurrence and high progression rates. Consequently, more efficacious intravesical treatment regimes are in demand.

Immunohistochemical evidence for an impairment of autophagy in tumorigenesis of gastric carcinoids and adenocarcinomas in rodent models and patients.

Background/aim: Autophagy has dual roles in tumorigenesis: tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressing. The aim of the present study was to examine autophagy-related markers by immunohistochemistry in gastric carcinoids and adenocarcinomas in rodent models and patients.

Methods: Gastric carcinoids in Mastomys were induced by loxtidine treatment.

Peripheral zone prostate cancer localization by multiparametric magnetic resonance at 3 T: unbiased cancer identification by matching to histopathology.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of peripheral zone prostate cancer localization by multiparametric magnetic resonance (MR) at 3 T using segmental matching of histopathology and MR images to avoid bias by image features in selection of cancer and noncancer regions.

Materials And Methods: Forty-eight patients underwent multiparametric MR imaging (MRI) on a 3 T system using a phased array body coil and spine coil elements for signal detection before prostatectomy. The examination included T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging (DCE-MRI), and MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI).

Gastric carcinoids after long-term use of a proton pump inhibitor.

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are potent inhibitors of gastric acid secretion and give hypergastrinemia secondary to gastric hypoacidity. PPI treatment therefore induces enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell hyperplasia. Long-term hypergastrinemia in rodents and man also leads to ECL cell neoplasia.

Gene expressional changes in prostate fibroblasts from cancerous tissue.

Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer in men. It is assumed that the tumor microenvironment of the prostate contributes to invasion and metastasis. Stroma-epithelial crosstalk has shown to change with progression of prostate cancer, and thereby the stromal compartment might be an attractive target in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to prostate cancer.

Changes in gene transcription underlying the aberrant citrate and choline metabolism in human prostate cancer samples.

Purpose: Low concentrations of citrate and high concentrations of choline-containing compounds (ChoCC) are metabolic characteristics observed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy of prostate cancer tissue. The objective was to investigate the gene expression changes underlying these metabolic aberrations to find regulatory genes with potential for targeted therapies.

Experimental Design: Fresh frozen samples (n = 133) from 41 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy were included.

A comprehensive microbiological evaluation of fifty-four patients undergoing revision surgery due to prosthetic joint loosening.

The diagnosis of a chronic prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is challenging, and no consensus exists regarding how best to define the criteria required for microbiological identification. A general view is that culture of periprosthetic biopsies suffers from inadequate sensitivity. Recently, molecular analyses have been employed in some studies but the specificity of molecular analyses has been questioned, mainly due to contamination issues.

Gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma after long-term use of proton pump inhibitor.

We present a case of a gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma in a patient with a history of long-term proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use. A 49-year-old man using PPI for the last 15 years due to gastroesophageal reflux disease developed progressive dysphagia, dyspepsia and weight loss. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, endoscopic ultrasonography and abdominal CT diagnosed a malignant tumor localized to a hiatal hernia.

[Therapy-resistant aggressive cystic lesion of the mandible].

Several extensive surgical interventions of a cystic lesion in the left mandible were followed by recurrences. The lesion extended from the primary mandibular region into the area of pterygopalatine fossa finally infiltrating the orbital region and the skull base. Histological results could never demonstrate a malignancy with certainty.

[Eosinophilic gastroenteritis].

Background: Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a disease that presents with nonspecific symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea and diarrhoea. We here present an overview of the disease with an emphasis on practical management.

Material And Methods: The basis for the review is literature retrieved through a search in PubMed and on our own experience treating patients with this disease.

Experimental gastrocystoplasty in rats: risk of developing ECLoma.

Objective: There are no clinical reports on the risk of carcinoids in the gastric segment following gastrocystoplasty. The aim of the present study was to examine whether gastric carcinoids could develop in a rat model of gastrocystoplasty.

Materials And Methods: Rats were subjected to gastrocystoplasty in which 10% of the oxyntic part of the stomach was removed (i.

A new method to provide a fresh frozen prostate slice suitable for gene expression study and MR spectroscopy.

Background: Fresh frozen tissue from radical prostatectomy specimens is highly valuable material for research on gene expression and cellular metabolites. The purpose of this study was to develop a standardized method to provide a representative high quality research sample from radical prostatectomy specimens without interfering with the routine histopathological procedure.

Methods: A complete transversal slice is collected and snap-frozen before formalin fixation and routine processing of the remaining gland.

Cancer immunoediting from immunosurveillance to tumor escape in microvillus-formed niche: a study of syngeneic orthotopic rat bladder cancer model in comparison with human bladder cancer.

Cancer cells can develop an attenuated immunogenicity and/or create an immunosuppressive microenvironment to prevent tumor eradication by host immune system, the so-called "cancer immunoediting" hypothesis. The aim of the present study was to find evidence for this hypothesis by using a rat orthotopic bladder cancer model. Fisher rats were inoculated with AY-27 cells (a Fisher rat bladder cancer cell line).

A rat model of intravesical delivery of small interfering RNA for studying urinary carcinoma.

Purpose: siRNA has been used successfully in loss-of-function studies in vitro, but neither in vivo nor in clinical applications. The aims of the present study were (1) to establish rat models for in vivo delivery of siRNA to bladder cancer, and (2) to identify potential targets for siRNA.

Methods: The rat models of human urinary carcinoma and rat urinary carcinoma cell line (AY-27) were induced by tobacco-related chemical carcinogens, either N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT) or N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN).