Measurement of brown adipose tissue mass using a novel dual-echo magnetic resonance imaging approach: a validation study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate and validate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the visualization and quantification of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in vivo in a rat model. We hypothesized that, based on differences in tissue water and lipid content, MRI could reliably differentiate between BAT and white adipose tissue (WAT) and could therefore be a possible alternative for (18)F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography ((18)FDG-PET), the current gold standard for non-invasive BAT quantification.

Materials/methods: Eleven rats were studied using both (18)FDG-PET/CT and MRI (1.

Obesity is associated with white matter atrophy: a combined diffusion tensor imaging and voxel-based morphometric study.

Objective: Little is known about the mechanisms by which obesity influences brain structure. In this study, the obesity-related changes in brain white and gray matter integrity were examined.

Design And Methods: 23 morbidly obese subjects and 22 nonobese volunteers were studied using voxel-based analysis of diffusion tensor imaging and of T1-weighted MRI images.

Diffusion tensor imaging and brain volumetry in Fabry disease patients.

Introduction: Fabry disease is a rare lysosomal storage disorder leading to cellular accumulation of globotriaosylceramide, especially in blood vessels. It is associated with severe early onset cerebrovascular disease and kidney and heart failure. The purpose of this study was to reveal possible disturbances in white matter integrity in Fabry disease patients using voxelwise diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) analysis.

Effect of antenatal growth on brain white matter maturation in preterm infants at term using tract-based spatial statistics.

Background: White matter maturation of infants can be studied using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). DTI of the white matter of the infant brain provides the best available clinical measures of brain tissue organisation and integrity.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare white matter maturation between preterm infants born small for gestational age (SGA) and preterms with weight appropriate for gestational age (AGA) at birth.

Effects of acute and one-week fatty acid lowering on cardiac function and insulin sensitivity in relation with myocardial and muscle fat and adiponectin levels.

Background/aim: We tested the hypothesis that a persistent reduction in free fatty acid (FFA) levels improves cardiac function and systemic insulin sensitivity via a reduction in the myocardial and skeletal muscle adiposities and a modulation in adipokine release.

Methods: Study subjects (body mass index 22-30 kg/m(2), 57 ± 3 yr old) underwent magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy to measure the cardiac function and the amounts of fat inside and around the myocardium and skeletal muscle, before (n = 10) and after acute (n = 8) and 1 wk (n = 7, one excluded from analysis) lowering of circulating FFA by acipimox. Circulating adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin, TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, plasminogen activator inhibitor-I, macrophage chemoattractant protein-1) were measured.

Improved detection of localized prostate cancer using co-registered MRI and 11C-acetate PET/CT.

Objectives: We aimed to study the ability of contrast enhanced MRI at 1.5 T and 11C-acetate PET/CT, both individually and using fused data, to detect localized prostate cancer.

Methods: Thirty-six men with untreated prostate cancer and negative for metastatic disease on pelvic CT and bone scan were prospectively enrolled.

Mitochondrial diabetes is associated with insulin resistance in subcutaneous adipose tissue but not with increased liver fat content.

We recently showed that patients with mitochondrial diabetes are insulin resistant in skeletal muscle before the decline in insulin secretion is observed. In this study, we further evaluate whether insulin resistance is associated with increased ectopic fat accumulation and altered adipose and hepatic tissue insulin sensitivity. We studied 15 nonobese patients with the m.

Functional imaging of localized prostate cancer aggressiveness using 11C-acetate PET/CT and 1H-MR spectroscopy.

Unlabelled: We assessed the ability of (11)C-acetate PET/CT, MRI, and proton MR spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) to image localized prostate cancer and detect its aggressiveness, using qualitative and quantitative approaches.

Methods: Twenty-one patients with untreated localized prostate cancer, diagnosed using transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy, were prospectively enrolled. Cancer laterality was based on the percentage of cancer and the highest Gleason score determined from biopsies.

Cerebral oxygen and glucose metabolism in patients with mitochondrial m.3243A>G mutation.

The m.3243A>G mutation is the most common pathogenic mutation in mitochondrial DNA. It leads to defective oxidative phosphorylation, decreased oxygen consumption and increased glucose utilization and lactate production in vitro.

Contribution of glucose tolerance and gender to cardiac adiposity.

Context And Objective: To examine whether pericardial and myocardial fat depots may contribute to the association between diabetes and cardiovascular risk, including sex-related differences, and the role of adiponectin, we evaluated data in patients with obesity and without diabetes [nondiabetic (ND)] or with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes and in lean ND controls.

Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy were used to measure left ventricular (LV) function and abdominal sc and visceral fat areas to estimate respective masses, pericardial fat depots, and myocardial triglyceride content in 53 subjects (10 lean ND, 25 obese ND, six impaired-glucose-tolerance, and 12 type 2 diabetic patients with macrovascular disease); gender effects and adiponectin levels were evaluated in the available subset of subjects.

Results: Myocardial and pericardial fat increased progressively across study groups.

Effect of caloric restriction on myocardial fatty acid uptake, left ventricular mass, and cardiac work in obese adults.

Obesity is associated with increased fatty acid uptake in the myocardium, and this may have deleterious effects on cardiac function. The aim of this study was to evaluate how weight loss influences myocardial metabolism and cardiac work in obese adults. Thirty-four obese (mean body mass index 33.