Prenatal and Postnatal Exposure to Antibiotics and the Risk of Type 1 Diabetes in Finnish Children: A Registry-based Study.

Objective: To study whether prenatal and postnatal exposure to antibiotics is associated with the risk of type 1 diabetes in childhood.

Study Design: This case cohort study included 2869 children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes by the end of 2009 who were born between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 2008, in Finland and a reference cohort (n = 74 263) representing 10% of each birth cohort. Exposure to antibiotics was assessed in different time periods.

Pregnancies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus during 2000-2018 in Finland: a case-control study.

Objectives: The aim was to investigate, how pregnancies proceed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) compared to their individually matched population controls.

Material And Methods: Adult incident SLE patients were identified from the register of new special reimbursement decisions for SLE drugs in 2000-2014. For each patient, 1-3 randomly selected controls from the Population Register Centre were matched.

Declining salinity and increasing temperature reduce the diversity and resilience of benthic diatoms.

Climate change will modify the marine ecosystem in several ways, but the effects of changing climate on benthic diatoms, which are one of the most important photosynthesizing organism groups in benthic habitats, are poorly studied. We conducted a mesocosm experiment to investigate the effects of increasing temperature and decreasing salinity on the taxonomic and functional diversity of benthic diatoms. We showed that decreasing salinity affects the taxonomic and functional composition of communities, and the threshold salinity for community composition is ~5.

Psychiatric disorders in paediatric-onset immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: a nationwide Danish study.

Objectives: To investigate the frequency of psychiatric disorders before and after onset of paediatric-onset immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (pIMID).

Study Design: In a nationwide study from 1996 to 2018, we investigated psychiatric disorders in patients with paediatric-onset inflammatory bowel diseases, autoimmune liver diseases and rheumatic diseases, using Danish national healthcare and population registers. Each case was matched with up to 10 controls from the background population.

Risk Factors of Cancer in Pediatric-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Denmark and Finland.

Objectives: Pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease (pIBD) increases the risk of developing several different cancer forms. In this case-control study, we aimed to assess the impact of medical treatment and disease activity on the risk of developing disease-associated cancer (DAC) and treatment-associated cancer (TAC).

Methods: In a previous study, we identified 27 cases of DAC (colorectal cancer, small bowel cancer, and cholangiocarcinoma) and 28 TAC (lymphoma and skin cancer) in 6689 patients with pIBD in Denmark and Finland during the period 1992-2015.

Malignancies among newly diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus patients and their survival.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of malignancies among newly diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients compared to reference individuals. Another aim was to assess the survival of SLE patients with malignancy compared to references with malignancy. Finnish adult (>17 years) newly diagnosed SLE patients were identified by their drug reimbursement decisions made during 1.

Distance decay 2.0 - A global synthesis of taxonomic and functional turnover in ecological communities.

Aim: Understanding the variation in community composition and species abundances (i.e., β-diversity) is at the heart of community ecology.

Threshold effects of climate change on benthic diatom communities: Evaluating impacts of salinity and wind disturbance on functional traits and benthic biomass.

The responses of biotic communities and ecosystems to climate change may be abrupt and non-linear. Thus, resolving ecological threshold mechanisms is crucial for understanding the consequences of climate change and for improving environmental management. Here, we present a study on the threshold responses of benthic diatom communities that are an important component of all aquatic environments and strongly contribute to global primary production.

Studying biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships in experimental microcosms among islands.

Ecological studies on islands have provided fundamental insights into the mechanisms underlying biodiversity of larger organisms, but we know little about the factors affecting island microbial biodiversity and ecosystem function. We conducted a field experiment on five Baltic Sea islands where we placed aquatic microcosms with different levels of salinity mimicking environmental stress and allowed diatoms to colonize the microcosms via the air. Using structural equation models (SEM), we investigated the interconnections among environmental and dispersal-related factors, diatom biodiversity, and ecosystem productivity (represented by chlorophyll a concentration).

Opioid use frequency in early axial spondyloarthritis in Finland - a pharmacoepidemic register study.

Objectives: To evaluate opioid use among incident axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) patients compared to general population.

Methods: From the national register, we identified all adult patients with axSpA (ICD-10 codes M45-46), who between 2010 and 2014 (index date, ID) were for the first time granted special reimbursement for any disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Three matched population controls were identified for each patient.

Exploring Multiple Aspects of Taxonomic and Functional Diversity in Microphytobenthic Communities: Effects of Environmental Gradients and Temporal Changes.

Biodiversity has traditionally been quantified using taxonomic information but the importance of also considering its functional characteristics has recently gained an increasing attention among microorganisms. However, studies exploring multiple aspects of taxonomic and functional diversity and their temporal variations are scarce for diatoms, which is one of the most important microbial groups in aquatic ecosystems. Here, our aim was to examine the taxonomic and functional alpha and beta diversities of diatoms in a coastal rock pool system characterized by a naturally high environmental heterogeneity.

Early Start of Anti-Dementia Medication Delays Transition to 24-Hour Care in Alzheimer's Disease Patients: A Finnish Nationwide Cohort Study.

Background: Dementia is one of the strongest predictors of admission to a 24-hour care facility among older people, and 24-hour care is the major cost of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of early start of anti-dementia medication and other predisposing factors with 2-year risk of transition to 24-hour care in the nationwide cohort of Finnish AD patients.

Methods: This was a retrospective, non-interventional study based on individual-level data from Finnish national health and social care registers.

Factors influencing the biodiversity of three microbial groups within and among islands of the Baltic Sea.

Islands provide ideal model systems to examine the factors influencing biodiversity, yet knowledge of microbial biodiversity on islands remains scarce. We collected a dataset from 101 rock pools along a freshwater to brackish water transition on islands of the Baltic Sea and investigated the patterns and drivers of community composition and species richness of diatoms, cyanobacteria and non-cyanobacteria bacteria among islands. We also examined whether environmental heterogeneity increased beta diversity and species richness within islands.

Usage of drugs for cardiovascular diseases is increased in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients already before diagnosis of SLE.

Objectives: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients are considered as a high-risk population for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). To explore whether their risk is increased already in preclinical episodes of the disease, we have studied the usage of CVD drugs in incident SLE cases five years before diagnosis of SLE compared to the population controls.

Methods: Adult SLE incident patients (age ≥18 years) from 2004 through 2014 were identified from a nationwide register.

A central role for polyprenol reductase in plant dolichol biosynthesis.

Dolichol is an essential polyisoprenoid within the endoplasmic reticulum of all eukaryotes. It serves as a membrane bound anchor onto which N-glycans are assembled prior to being transferred to nascent polypeptides, many of which enter the secretory pathway. Historically, it has been posited that the accumulation of dolichol represents the 'rate-limiting' step in the evolutionary conserved process of N-glycosylation, which ultimately affects the efficacy of approximately one fifth of the entire eukaryotic proteome.

Cow's milk allergy in infancy and later development of type 1 diabetes-nationwide case-cohort study.

Bakground: It is suggested that early intake of cow's milk could be a risk factor for type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Further, the different immunological background, gives a suggestion of an inverse relationship for the occurrence of these diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the association between cow's milk allergy (CMA) and the risk of T1DM in a register-based case-cohort study.

Mortality in SLE patients compared with population controls in Finland in years 2000-2015.

Objective: To estimate the risk of mortality in the Finnish incident SLE cohort in a 16-year period compared with the general population.

Methods: Adults with new-onset SLE between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2014 identified from the national drug reimbursement register and their individually matched controls from the Population Register Centre were followed up until death or 31 December 2015. Data on deaths were retrieved from the national causes of death register.

Multimorbidity among incident Finnish systemic lupus erythematosus patients during 2000-2017.

The objective of the study was to examine the risk of other morbidities among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A total of 1006 adult new-onset SLE patients were identified during 1.1.

Biodiversity Loss Threatens the Current Functional Similarity of Beta Diversity in Benthic Diatom Communities.

The global biodiversity loss has increased the need to understand the effects of decreasing diversity, but our knowledge on how species loss will affect the functioning of communities and ecosystems is still very limited. Here, the levels of taxonomic and functional beta diversity and the effect of species loss on functional beta diversity were investigated in an estuary that provides a naturally steep environmental gradient. The study was conducted using diatoms that are among the most important microorganisms in all aquatic ecosystems and globally account for 40% of marine primary production.

Initiating disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs rapidly reduces purchases of analgesic drugs in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

To describe the use of analgesics 12 months before and after initiation of the first disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). A register-based study linked three nationwide registers in Finland: the Register on Reimbursement for Prescription Medicines, the Drug Purchase Register (both maintained by the Finnish Social Insurance Institution), and the Finnish Population Register. The study ran from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2014.

First-year drug therapy of new-onset rheumatoid and undifferentiated arthritis: a nationwide register-based study.

Background: In this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated the drug therapies used for early rheumatoid (RA) and undifferentiated (UA) arthritis patients.

Methods: From a nationwide register maintained by the Social Insurance Institution, information on sex, date of birth, and date of special medicine reimbursement decision for all new Finnish RA and UA patients between 2011 and 14 were collected, and their DMARD (Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drug) purchases during the first year after the diagnosis were analyzed.

Results: A total of 7338 patients with early RA (67.

Overall and Cause-Specific Mortality in Adult Celiac Disease and Dermatitis Herpetiformis Diagnosed in the 21st Century.

Introduction: We assessed whether celiac disease-associated mortality is increased in Finland among patients diagnosed in the 21st century, given recent improvements in diagnostic and treatment facilities.

Methods: Biopsy-proven patients with celiac disease (Marsh III) and dermatitis herpetiformis aged 20-79 years (median 50 years) diagnosed 2005-2014 (n = 12,803) were identified from the national dietary grant registry. Dates and causes of death were obtained from Statistics Finland.

Socioeconomic differences in use of public, occupational and private health care: A register-linkage study of a working-age population in Finland.

There is little knowledge on socioeconomic differences in use of health care organized by different care schemes and on exclusive and concurrent use of health care at different schemes in different socioeconomic groups. In Finland, public, occupational and private schemes offer parallel outpatient primary health care services. Each scheme mainly reaches different population groups because of differences in availability, costs and gatekeeping.