Anthropogenic carbon pathways towards the North Atlantic interior revealed by Argo-O, neural networks and back-calculations.

The subpolar North Atlantic (SPNA) is a region of high anthropogenic CO (C) storage per unit area. Although the average C distribution is well documented in this region, the C pathways towards the ocean interior remain largely unresolved. We used observations from three Argo-O floats spanning 2013-2018 within the SPNA, combined with existing neural networks and back-calculations, to determine the C evolution along the float pathways from a quasi-lagrangian perspective.

Argo-Two Decades: Global Oceanography, Revolutionized.

Argo, an international, global observational array of nearly 4,000 autonomous robotic profiling floats, each measuring ocean temperature and salinity from 0 to 2,000 m on nominal 10-day cycles, has revolutionized physical oceanography. Argo started at the turn of the millennium,growing out of advances in float technology over the previous several decades. After two decades, with well over 2 million profiles made publicly available in real time, Argo data have underpinned more than 4,000 scientific publications and improved countless nowcasts, forecasts, and projections.

Ocean circulation causes the largest freshening event for 120 years in eastern subpolar North Atlantic.

The Atlantic Ocean overturning circulation is important to the climate system because it carries heat and carbon northward, and from the surface to the deep ocean. The high salinity of the subpolar North Atlantic is a prerequisite for overturning circulation, and strong freshening could herald a slowdown. We show that the eastern subpolar North Atlantic underwent extreme freshening during 2012 to 2016, with a magnitude never seen before in 120 years of measurements.