Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: outcome and prognostic factors.

Background: Acute exacerbation is a substantial cause of death in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with poorly described prognostic factors.

Objectives: To review the features associated with acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and assess its prognostic factors.

Methods: Thirty-seven occurrences of acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were retrospectively reviewed in the medical records of 27 patients.

Foxp3+ T cells induce perforin-dependent dendritic cell death in tumor-draining lymph nodes.

Regulatory T (Treg) cells limit the onset of effective antitumor immunity, through yet-ill-defined mechanisms. We showed the rejection of established ovalbumin (OVA)-expressing MCA101 tumors required both the adoptive transfer of OVA-specific CD8(+) T cell receptor transgenic T cells (OTI) and the neutralization of Foxp3(+) T cells. In tumor-draining lymph nodes, Foxp3(+) T cell neutralization induced a marked arrest in the migration of OTI T cells, increased numbers of dendritic cells (DCs), and enhanced OTI T cell priming.