Intranodular Thyroid Metastasis of a Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Endometrium.

A 64-year-old woman underwent initial 18F-FDG PET/CT staging for a suspicious endometrial mass, which showed high uptake in the endometrial mass and a focal uptake in a known left thyroid nodule. Histology revealed a high-grade large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the endometrium with FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) stage Ib. Further explorations revealed a synchronous thyroid metastasis.

[18F]FDG PET/CT for predicting triple-negative breast cancer outcomes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with or without pembrolizumab.

Purpose: To determine if pretreatment [18F]FDG PET/CT could contribute to predicting complete pathological complete response (pCR) in patients with early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy with or without pembrolizumab.

Methods: In this retrospective bicentric study, we included TNBC patients who underwent [18F]FDG PET/CT before neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) or chemo-immunotherapy (NACI) between March 2017 and August 2022. Clinical, biological, and pathological data were collected.

Nivolumab plus chemoradiotherapy in locally-advanced cervical cancer: the NICOL phase 1 trial.

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with blockade of the PD-1 pathway may enhance immune-mediated tumor control through increased phagocytosis, cell death, and antigen presentation. The NiCOL phase 1 trial (NCT03298893) is designed to determine the safety/tolerance profile and the recommended phase-II dose of nivolumab with and following concurrent CRT in 16 women with locally advanced cervical cancer. Secondary endpoints include objective response rate (ORR), progression free survival (PFS), disease free survival, and immune correlates of response.

A Rare Cause of SCC Antigen Elevation: Inverted Sinonasal Papilloma.

We report the case of a 68-year-old woman who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT for squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC Ag) elevation in the follow-up of a uterine cervical cancer. The examination showed an FDG-avid mass of the left nasal cavity with left maxillary sinusitis and no other site of abnormal FDG uptake. Surgical resection of the nasal polyp was performed, and pathological examination of the specimen revealed an inverted sinonasal papilloma.

Tumor Thrombus on 18F-FDG PET/CT in Stage IV Plasmablastic Lymphoma.

A 71-year-old woman with a history of back pain and recent weight loss presented to the emergency department with hematuria. A CT scan was performed and showed left retroperitoneal mass with left renal vein thrombus extended to the vena cava. Tumor biopsy revealed plasmablastic lymphoma.

A Case of Sarcoidosis After Lymphoma.

We report the case of a 62-year-old woman with previous history of stage III Hodgkin lymphoma. Routine follow-up CT scan revealed 2 years after end of treatment the appearance of mediastinal nodes, suspected of lymphoma recurrence. An F-FDG PET/CT was performed showing hypermetabolic mediastinal lymph nodes with diffuse symmetric osteomedullar hypermetabolism of pelvis and scapulae.

18F-FDG Whole-body PET/MRI of a 30-Week Pregnant Woman With Breast Cancer Revealed Interesting Fetal Findings.

A 35-year-old 30-week pregnant woman was referred to our institution for initial staging of a triple negative invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast. To avoid fetal radiation exposure from CT, a whole-body F-FDG PET/MRI was performed. Simultaneous acquisition of PET, T1-, T2-, and diffusion-weighted sequences revealed left axillary node extension and no distant metastases.

18F-Choline PET/CT Imaging for Intracranial Hemangiopericytoma Recurrence.

We report the case of a 50-year-old man, with previous history of grade 3 intracranial hemangiopericytoma with initial complete surgical resection, addressed for local recurrence. Surgical revision performed 18 months after initial surgery allowed only partial resection, leaving residual disease along the optic nerve. Complementary radiotherapy with proton was decided.

Gallbladder Metastasis From Conjunctival Melanoma.

Malignant conjunctival melanoma is a rare tumor. A 46-year-old woman with a history of locally recurrent left conjunctival melanoma was followed by F-FDG PET/CT. Four years after the local recurrence treated by orbital exenteration, the follow-up PET/CT scan showed an incidental intense FDG uptake mass infiltrating the gallbladder associated with a low uptake of an infracentimetric pulmonary nodule.

Primary and Secondary Breast Angiosarcoma: FDG PET/CT Series.

Breast angiosarcoma is a rare and aggressive tumor. The role of F-FDG PET/CT in breast angiosarcoma is poorly known. We report a series of 13 lesions in 11 patients with histologically proven primary or secondary breast angiosarcoma who underwent FDG PET/CT at the initial assessment in our institution.

18F-fluorocholine PET/CT in patients with occult biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer: Detection rate, impact on management and adequacy of impact. A prospective multicentre study.

Aim: To prospectively evaluate the clinical impact and the diagnostic performance of FCH-PET/CT in patients with occult biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer (PCa).

Materials And Methods: Results of 179 patients (mean PSA = 7.5ng/mL) with negative/inconclusive results of pelvic-MRI and of bone-scintigraphy were analysed.

Cell-surface C-type lectin-like receptor CLEC-1 dampens dendritic cell activation and downstream Th17 responses.

Dendritic cells (DCs) represent essential antigen-presenting cells that are critical for linking innate and adaptive immunity, and influencing T-cell responses. Among pattern recognition receptors, DCs express C-type lectin receptors triggered by both exogenous and endogenous ligands, therefore dictating pathogen response, and also shaping T-cell immunity. We previously described in rat, the expression of the orphan C-type lectin-like receptor-1 (CLEC-1) by DCs and demonstrated in vitro its inhibitory role in downstream T helper 17 (Th17) activation.

18F-fluorocholine versus 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose for PET/CT imaging in patients with suspected relapsing or progressive multiple myeloma: a pilot study.

Purpose: Hybrid positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has now become available, as well as whole-body, low-dose multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The radioactive glucose analogue 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is the most widely used tracer but has a relatively low sensitivity in detecting multiple myeloma (MM). We compared FDG with a more recent metabolic tracer, 18F-fluorocholine (FCH), for the detection of MM lesions at time of disease relapse or progression.

A Pilot Comparison of 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT, Ultrasonography and 123I/99mTc-sestaMIBI Dual-Phase Dual-Isotope Scintigraphy in the Preoperative Localization of Hyperfunctioning Parathyroid Glands in Primary or Secondary Hyperparathyroidism: Influence of Thyroid Anomalies.

We compared (18)F-fluorocholine hybrid positron emission tomography/X-ray computed tomography (FCH-PET/CT) with ultrasonography (US) and scintigraphy in patients with hyperparathyroidism and discordant, or equivocal results of US and (123)I/(99m)Tc-sesta-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (sestaMIBI) dual-phase parathyroid scintigraphy. FCH-PET/CT was performed in 17 patients with primary (n = 11) lithium induced (n = 1) or secondary hyperparathyroidism (1 dialyzed, 4 renal-transplanted).The reference standard was based on results of surgical exploration and histopathological examination.

Regulatory B Cells with a Partial Defect in CD40 Signaling and Overexpressing Granzyme B Transfer Allograft Tolerance in Rodents.

Emerging knowledge regarding B cells in organ transplantation has demonstrated that these cells can no longer be taken as mere generators of deleterious Abs but can also act as beneficial players. We previously demonstrated in a rat model of cardiac allograft tolerance induced by short-term immunosuppression an accumulation in the blood of B cells overexpressing inhibitory molecules, a phenotype also observed in the blood of patients that spontaneously develop graft tolerance. In this study, we demonstrated the presence in the spleen of regulatory B cells enriched in the CD24(int)CD38(+)CD27(+)IgD(-)IgM(+/low) subpopulation, which are able to transfer donor-specific tolerance via IL-10 and TGF-β1-dependent mechanisms and to suppress in vitro TNF-α secretion.

Incidental uptake of (18)F-fluorocholine (FCH) in the head or in the neck of patients with prostate cancer.

Background: Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) with (18)F-fluorocholine (FCH) is routinely performed in patients with prostate cancer. In this clinical context, foci of FCH uptake in the head or in the neck were considered as incidentalomas, except for those suggestive of multiple bone metastases.

Results: In 8 patients the incidental focus corresponded to a benign tumour.

Strengths and limitations of using fluorine-fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine PET/CT for congenital hyperinsulinism.

fluorine-fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine (FDOPA) PET/CT is currently the first-line imaging technique to distinguish between focal and diffuse forms of congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) and to accurately localize focal forms. However, this technique has a number of limitations, mainly the very small size of focal forms or inversely a very large focal form mimicking a diffuse form, and misinterpretation of physiologic uptake masking hot spots or inversely mimicking focal forms. The other limitation is the limited availability of the radiopharmaceutical.

18F-fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine vs other radiopharmaceuticals for imaging neuroendocrine tumours according to their type.

6-Fluoro-((18)F)-L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (FDOPA) is an amino acid analogue for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging which has been registered since 2006 in several European Union (EU) countries and by several pharmaceutical firms. Neuroendocrine tumour (NET) imaging is part of its registered indications. NET functional imaging is a very competitive niche, competitors of FDOPA being two well-established radiopharmaceuticals for scintigraphy, (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) and (111)In-pentetreotide, and even more radiopharmaceuticals for PET, including fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and somatostatin analogues.

Effect of erythropoietin on bone marrow uptake of 18F-fluorocholine in prostate cancer: comparison with 18F-fluoride uptake.

The effect of erythropoietin stimulation on bone marrow uptake of FDG has been well documented. Similar metabolic activation of bone marrow with (18)F-fluorocholine (FCH) has not been previously reported. FCH PET/CT was performed in a patient with biochemical recurrent prostate cancer who was receiving erythropoietin for hemochromatosis.

A pilot comparison of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT to predict early recurrence of unifocal hepatocellular carcinoma after surgical resection.

Objective: Presurgical identification of patients at high risk for early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after resection could warrant additional therapies. F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake by the tumour on preoperative PET can predict HCC recurrence after resection as effectively as poor differentiation or presence of microvascular invasion (MVI) on postsurgical histology. A better sensitivity for the detection of HCC nodules has been reported with F-fluorocholine (FCH), a PET tracer of lipid metabolism.