Feasibility of the Assessment, the and 'e'), a Group-Based Motor Skills Intervention for Independent School-Aged Children with Cerebral Palsy.

This single group pre and posttest study evaluated the feasibility of a new 10-week group-based motor skills enhancement intervention: and associated use of the assessment and . Participant attendance/completion and satisfaction with the assessments and intervention were evaluated, and a first estimate of associated motor skill-related changes obtained. Ten ambulatory children with cerebral palsy (7-14 years) and their parents participated.

Physiotherapy-assisted overground exoskeleton use: mixed methods feasibility study protocol quantifying the user experience, as well as functional, neural, and muscular outcomes in children with mobility impairments.

Background: Early phase research suggests that physiotherapy paired with use of robotic walking aids provides a novel opportunity for children with severe mobility challenges to experience active walking. The Trexo Plus is a pediatric lower limb exoskeleton mounted on a wheeled walker frame, and is adjustable to fit a child's positional and gait requirements. It guides and powers the child's leg movements in a way that is individualized to their movement potential and upright support needs, and can provide progressive challenges for walking within a physiotherapy-based motor learning treatment paradigm.

Gross Motor Family Report: Refinement and evaluation of psychometric properties.

Aim: To refine the Gross Motor Family Report (GM-FR) using parents' input and to evaluate its psychometric properties.

Method: In this measurement study, 12 parents of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP), aged 2 to 18 years, classified in all levels of the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), were interviewed about their experience completing the GM-FR (content validity). Parents' feedback was used to refine the measure which was then completed by 146 families to evaluate internal consistency, and discriminative and concurrent validity.

Evaluating the impact of movement tracking feedback on engagement with home exercise programmes of children with cerebral palsy using a new therapy app: a protocol for a mixed-methods single-case experimental design with alternating treatments.

Introduction: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) are prescribed home exercise programmes (HEPs) to increase the frequency of movement practice, yet adherence to HEPs can be low. This paper outlines the protocol for a single-case experimental design (SCED) with alternating treatments, using a new home therapy exercise application, Bootle Boot Camp (BBCamp), offered with and without movement tracking feedback. This study will explore the impact of feedback on engagement, movement quality, lower limb function and family experiences to help understand how technology-supported HEPs should be translated and the added value, if any, of movement tracking technology.

Quick, Effective Screening Tasks Identify Children With Medical Conditions or Disabilities Needing Physical Literacy Support.

Purpose: This study evaluated screening tasks able to identify children with medical conditions or disabilities who may benefit from physical literacy.

Method: Children completed ≤20 screening tasks during their clinic visit and then the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy (2nd edition) at a separate visit. Total Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy scores <30th percentile were categorized as potentially needing physical literacy support.

Sports Stars Brazil in children with autism spectrum disorder: A feasibility randomized controlled trial protocol.

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) children have lower levels of participation in recreational and sporting activities when compared to their peers. Participation has been defined based on the Family of Participation-Related Constructs (fPRC) which defines participation as including both attendance and involvement, with sense of self, preferences and activity competence related to a child's participation. Modified sports interventions such as Sports Stars can act on physical literacy and some of the fPRCs components.

Clinicians' perspectives on motor learning strategy selection and application in occupational therapy and speech-language pathology interventions for children with acquired brain injury.

Purpose: Explore occupational therapists' (OTs) and speech language pathologists' (SLPs) process of selecting and applying motor learning strategies (MLS) in their interventions for children with acquired brain injury (ABI), and identify similarities and differences between OTs and SLPs in MLS selection and application.

Methods: This qualitative descriptive study involved individual semi-structured interviews with OTs and SLPs from the ABI program at Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital (Toronto, Canada). Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Development and evaluation of the Family Needs Questionnaire for Pediatric Rehabilitation.

Purpose: To develop the Family Needs Questionnaire-Pediatric Rehabilitation (FNQ-PR) version and evaluate the reliability and concurrent validity of this self-report measure for caregivers of children with disabilities who receive pediatric rehabilitation services.

Materials/methods: The 39-item FNQ-PR was developed through a modified Delphi Technique. For test-retest evaluation, parents completed the FNQ-PR twice through an online REDCap survey, 1-3 weeks apart.

The prevalence and clustering of alcohol consumption, gambling, smoking, and excess weight in an English adult population.

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and clustering of four health risks (increasing-/higher-risk drinking, current smoking, overweight/obesity, and at-risk gambling), and to examine variation across sociodemographic groups in the English adult population.

Methods: We analysed data from the 2012, 2015, 2016, and 2018 Health Survey for England (n = 20,698). Prevalence odds ratios (POR) were calculated to examine the clustering of risks.

Development of expert consensus to guide physical rehabilitation in children and adolescents with acquired brain injury during the subacute phase.

Objective: To develop consensus among experts to guide physical rehabilitation in children and adolescents with acquired brain injury during the subacute phase.

Design: International Delphi study.

Methods: A 3-round online Delphi study was conducted with 11 international experts in rehabilitation for children and adolescents with acquired brain injury.

Understanding a videogame home intervention for children with hemiplegia: a mixed methods multi-case study.

Introduction: Access to rehabilitation therapies is a salient and growing issue for children with cerebral palsy (CP) and their families, motivating interest in home-based interventions. Bootle Blast is a low-cost, movement-tracking videogame that can be used at home to encourage upper limb (UL) functional exercise tailored to each child's abilities and therapy goals. The study objectives were to: 1) Establish the extent to which children achieve their self-directed play-time goal over a 12-week intervention, 2) Measure changes in UL motor outcomes, and 3) Explore participants' experiences of using Bootle Blast at home.

Understanding the benefits and challenges of outpatient virtual care during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Canadian pediatric rehabilitation hospital.

Purpose: The evolving virtual health care experience highlights the potential of technology to serve as a way to enhance care. Having virtual options for assessment, consultation and intervention were essential during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, especially for children with disabilities and their families. The purpose of our study was to describe the benefits and challenges of outpatient virtual care during the pandemic within pediatric rehabilitation.

Development of the Gross Motor Function Family Report (GMF-FR) for Children with Cerebral Palsy.

To describe the initial steps in the development of a family-completed, modified version of the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88) to report gross motor function of young people with cerebral palsy in their natural environments. Development of the Gross Motor Function - Family Report (GMF-FR) was based on expert opinion involving 13 experienced clinicians and researchers, in four steps: (1) item identification to target items that reflect functional gross motor performance; (2) item selection; (3) critical analysis of the items; and (4) item and scoring modification. Several modifications to existing items and scoring were made, including wording changes to optimize ease of families' understanding, the addition of photographs to illustrate all items, changes to the items to enable use of furniture instead of specialized equipment, and modifications to scoring criteria to ensure a focus on functional motor skills.

Getting into the game: evaluation of the reliability, validity and utility of the scale for school-aged children with autism spectrum disorder.

Purpose: Evaluate reliability, concurrent validity and utility of the motor skills measure for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Materials/methods: In this measurement study, children completed the twice, 1-3 weeks apart. A physiotherapist assessor (one of seven) conducted a child's test-retest assessments and scored administration ease and child engagement (/10 visual analogue scale).

Motor Evoked Potential Amplitude in Motor Behavior-based Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Studies: A Systematic Review.

Motor evoked potential amplitude (MEP) is frequently measured in transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) studies that target the primary motor cortex (M1), and a subset of these studies involve motor behavior. This systematic review explored the role of MEP as an indicator of neural change in M1-targeted tDCS studies involving motor behavior (i.e.

The Value of Incorporating Inclusive Sports in Schools: An Exploration of Unified Sport Experiences.

School sports programs intentionally created for students with and without disabilities may increase social participation of students with intellectual disabilities (IDs). Special Olympics Unified Sports is one program where students with and without ID participate on one team. Guided by a critical realist paradigm, this study explored the perceptions of students with and without ID and coaches of in-school Unified Sports.

Integrating Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation into an Existing Inpatient Physiotherapy Program to Enhance Motor Learning in an Adolescent with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Case Report.

Purpose: Describe how transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was incorporated into an inpatient physiotherapy program for an adolescent with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), detail the motor learning focus of the physiotherapy sessions, and summarize gross motor progress.

Method: This case report describes an adolescent who received 20 minutes of anodal tDCS immediately prior to 16 physiotherapy sessions over four weeks. Potential side effects were tracked pre/post tDCS.

The Concussion Challenge Assessment: Development and reliability of a novel gross motor assessment tool for paediatric concussion.

Aims: The aim of this study was to develop a gross motor performance clinical assessment tool, the Concussion Challenge Assessment (CCA), for paediatric concussion populations.

Methods: An expert panel evaluated tasks from the Acquired Brain Injury Challenge Assessment to determine relevant tasks for a paediatric concussion population. These tasks were administered to a convenience sample of 854 healthy youth.

development: Fostering user-driven technology that supports return-to-play decision-making following pediatric concussion.

Objective: To design a multi-domain return-to-play assessment system () for youth athletes with concussion.

Methods: The system was developed using an overarching user-centered approach, the Design Thinking Framework, and research activities included: 1) structured brainstorming within our research team, 2) interviews with clinician and youth sports coaches, 3) building a testable prototype, and 4) interface testing through cognitive walkthroughs with clinician partners.

Results: Clinician and coach participants provided feedback on the concept, which was integrated into the design process and provided future directions for research.

Multi-domain assessment of sports-related and military concussion recovery: A scoping review.

Objective: This review explores the literature on multi-domain assessments used in concussion recovery, to inform evidence-based and ecologically valid return-to-play. It asks: What simultaneous, dynamic multi-domain paradigms are used to assess recovery of youth and adults following concussion?

Methods: Five databases were searched (CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, SPORTDiscus) until September 30, 2021. Records were limited to those published in peer-reviewed journals, in English, between 2002 and 2021.

Functional Neuroplasticity and Motor Skill Change Following Gross Motor Interventions for Children With Diplegic Cerebral Palsy.

Background: Gross motor intervention designs for children with diplegic cerebral palsy (DCP) require an improved understanding of the children's potential for neuroplasticity.

Objective: To identify relations between functional neuroplasticity and motor skill changes following gross motor interventions for children with DCP.

Methods: There were 17 participants with DCP (ages 8-16 years; 6 females; Gross Motor Function Classification System Level I [n = 9] and II [n = 8]).