Estimating and planning hospital costs of public hospitals in Brazil.

While the estimate of hospital costs concerns the past, its planning focuses on the future. However, in many low and middle-income countries, public hospitals do not have robust accounting health systems to evaluate and project their expenses. In Brazil, public hospitals are funded based on government estimates of available hospital infrastructure, historical expenditures and population needs.

Estimating Brazilian states' demands for intensive care unit and clinical hospital beds during the COVID-19 pandemic: development of a predictive model.

Background: The fragility of healthcare systems worldwide had not been exposed by any pandemic until now. The lack of integrated methods for bed capacity planning compromises the effectiveness of public and private hospitals' services.

Objectives: To estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the provision of intensive care unit and clinical beds for Brazilian states, using an integrated model.