Comparison of diagnostic yield and safety of endobronchial ultrasound-guided mediastinal lymph nodal cryobiopsy and endobronchial ultrasound-guided Franseen tip needle biopsy.

In this prospective study, we evaluated the diagnostic yield and safety of two endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) biopsy techniques - mediastinal cryobiopsy (EBUS-MCB) and Franseen tip needle biopsy (EBUS-ANB) - in patients with undiagnosed mediastinal lymphadenopathy. The study included 30 patients who underwent both EBUS-MCB and EBUS-ANB, with four biopsies taken from each patient using both methods. The results demonstrated that EBUS-MCB provided a higher diagnostic yield (96.

Clofazimine pulmonary crystal deposition syndrome: a case of pseudo haemoptysis.

Clofazimine is an antimycobacterial, anti-inflammatory agent used in the management of leprosy and multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis. It has high oral bioavailability and poor solubility because of which prolonged administration of the drug results in its accumulation as intracellular biocrystals in tissue macrophages. We describe the case of a female patient in her early 30s who was on therapy for MDR tuberculosis.

Non-resolving pneumonia: primary pulmonary MALT lymphoma.

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is an uncommon extranodal low-grade B-cell lymphoma. Pulmonary MALT lymphomas originate from bronchial MALT and are also referred to as bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas. MALT lymphomas of the lung are slow-growing tumours and usually present as asymptomatic chronic alveolar opacities visible on chest radiographs or with non-specific pulmonary symptoms.

Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome in a case of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis treated with oral itraconazole and inhaled budesonide.

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a hypersensitivity reaction to that occurs in patients with asthma or cystic fibrosis. Here, we report a case of a young female with bronchial asthma who presented to our hospital with worsening breathlessness on exertion. She was diagnosed to have ABPA and was initiated on oral itraconazole while continuing inhaled long acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist and medium dose inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) for her asthma.

Endobronchial chondroid hamartoma of left main bronchus and its bronchoscopic management.

Most tumours of the tracheobronchial tree are malignant. Benign tumours such as hamartoma are infrequent and generally intra-parenchymal. Here we present a case of a 65-year-old male patient who presented with a purely endobronchial lobulated mass lesion in the left main bronchus.

Atypical mycobacterial infection masquerading as an endobronchial growth in an immunocompromised host.

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous organisms. Endobronchial growth as a presenting feature of NTM disease is uncommon. Here we present a case of a patient with retroviral disease on antiretroviral therapy, presenting with cough, wheezing and exertional dyspnoea.

Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Mediastinal Lymph Nodal Cryobiopsy in Patients With Nondiagnostic/Inadequate Rapid On-site Evaluation: A New Step in the Diagnostic Algorithm.

Background: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is considered the investigation of choice for sampling mediastinal nodes. A major drawback of EBUS-TBNA is its lower diagnostic yield for lymphoma and benign diseases. EBUS-guided mediastinal cryobiopsy (EBUS-MCB) is a novel technique that provides larger nodal biopsy samples, with an acceptable safety profile.

Pleural Pustule-a Novel Thoracoscopic Appearance of Pleural Tuberculosis.

Background: Thoracoscopic pleural biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing tubercular pleural effusion (TPE). Various thoracoscopic appearances like sago grain nodules, caseous necrosis, and adhesions have been described in TPE. However, none of these have high specificity for diagnosing TPE.

Endobronchial ultrasound guided intracardiac needle aspiration (EBUS-ICNA).

Most cardiac tumours are secondary to metastasis from extracardiac tumours. Obtaining biopsy from intracardiac lesions, especially from the left heart, is challenging, and the conventionally used methods are invasive and involve significant risks such as arrhythmias, tamponade, valvular damage and tumour embolisation. Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is a minimally invasive procedure used to biopsy lymph nodes or mass lesions adjacent to the airways.