Elevation and landscape change drive the distribution of a montane, endemic grassland bird.

Context: Tropical montane habitats support high biodiversity and are hotspots of endemism, with grasslands being integral components of many such landscapes. The montane grasslands of the Western Ghats have seen extensive land-use change over anthropogenic timescales. The factors influencing the ability of grassland-dependent species to persist in habitats experiencing loss and fragmentation, particularly in montane grasslands, are poorly known.

Assessment of completeness of reporting of oro-facial cleft cases in Arizona using the capture-recapture method.

The Arizona Birth Defects Monitoring Program (ABDMP) is mandated to collect data on several birth defects including oro-facial clefts such as cleft lip with and without cleft palate (CL) and cleft palate without cleft lip (CP). Completeness of reporting and ascertainment validations had never been conducted on the birth defects monitored by the program. Two-source capture-recapture modeling was used to evaluate the completeness of incidence reporting of CL and CP.