Redefining orthodontic space closure: sequential repetitive loading of the periodontal ligament--a clinical study.

Aims: To assess the rate of tooth movement, anchorage loss, root resorption, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) as a marker for bone remodeling during orthodontic space closure using two different mechanisms.

Methods: Space closure was completed in 20 patients with extraction of all 4 premolars. Lateral cephalograms and radio-visiographs taken before (T1) and after (T2) space closure were assessed for anchorage loss and root resorption.

Soft tissue changes associated with first premolar extractions in adult females.

Background: The potential for premolar extractions to produce changes in the soft tissue profile after orthodontic treatment is controversial.

Aim: To evaluate the soft tissue changes associated with four first premolar extractions in adult females of South Indian ethnicity.

Method: Pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of 30 adult female patients of South Indian ethnicity with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion, requiring premolar extractions as a part of their orthodontic treatment, were used.

Space closure using the Hycon device. A case report.

Background: Space closure can be a difficult and uncomfortable procedure. Appliances able to be activated by the patient may reduce the number of visits for adjustment.

Objective: To describe the closure of spaces with the Hycon device, an intra-oral screw that can be activated by the patient.