Wnt Signaling Modulators Exhibit Neuroprotective Effects via Combating Astrogliosis and Balancing Synaptic Density at Early and Late Stage Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) is a severe neurological condition characterized by recurrent seizures that often do not respond well to available anti-seizure medications. TLE has been associated with epileptogenesis, a process that starts during the latent period following a neurologic insult and is followed by chronic phase. Recent research has linked canonical Wnt signaling to the pathophysiology of epileptogenesis and TLE.

Neuroprotective effect of PPAR gamma agonist in rat model of autism spectrum disorder: Role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Background: The clinical manifestation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is linked to the disruption of fundamental neurodevelopmental pathways. Emerging evidences claim to have an upregulation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway while downregulation of PPARγ pathway in ASD. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, in rat model of ASD.

Role of berberine nanoformulation in epilepsy: A novel therapeutic strategy.

The aim of the present study was to develop a novel formulation of berberine (BBR) and demonstrate its anti-seizure effect in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced kindling model in rats. Nanoparticles of BBR were formulated using Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) as a polymer. Emulsification and solvent evaporation technique was used.

Novel TMPRSS6 variants and their impact on iron-refractory iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy: A North Indian genotype phenotype study.

Iron-refractory iron deficiency anaemia (IRIDA) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, distinguished by hypochromic microcytic anaemia, low transferrin levels and inappropriately elevated hepcidin (HEPC) levels. It is caused by mutations in TMPRSS6 gene. Systematic screening of 500 pregnant women with iron deficiency anaemia having moderate to severe microcytosis with no other causes of anaemia were enrolled to rule out oral iron refractoriness.

Foraging behaviour of Pheidole latinoda: An impetus for employing a heuristic approach to address optimization challenges.

The primary goal of the binary model in this study was to understand the convergence pattern of the Pheidole latinoda ants. Forager and scout ants on the hunt for food use path integration. When they find a food source, they leave a trail pheromone to alert other nest mates.

Exploring the effect of 6-BIO and sulindac in modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in chronic phase of temporal lobe epilepsy.

The prospective involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in epilepsy, with the proposed therapeutic uses of its modulators, has been suggested; however, comprehensive knowledge in this regard is currently limited. Despite postulations about the pathway's significance and treatment potential, a systematic investigation is required to better understand its implications in chronic epilepsy. We investigated the role of key proteins like β-catenin, GSK-3β, and their modulators sulindac and 6-BIO, in Wnt/β-catenin pathway during chronic phase of temporal lobe epilepsy.

Detection and Characterization of Apoptosis-Related Proteins in Hippocampal Neurodegeneration: From mRNA Expression to Protein Quantification.

The involvement of apoptosis in neurodegeneration can be detected by quantifying the apoptotic proteins in hippocampal lysate. Apoptosis can occur due to the overproduction of apoptotic proteins under the influence of external trigger or due to the overexpression of the apoptotic genes. Thus, the imbalance in the production of apoptotic proteins can be quantified using the Western blotting technique and the overexpression of apoptotic genes in hippocampal DNA can be quantified using the real-time quantification of mRNA expression of the apoptotic proteins.

Ameliorating effect of pioglitazone on prenatal valproic acid-induced behavioral and neurobiological abnormalities in autism spectrum disorder in rats.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopment disorder that mainly arises due to abnormalities in different brain regions, resulting in behavioral deficits. Besides its diverse phenotypical features, ASD is associated with complex and varied etiology, presenting challenges in understanding its precise neuro-pathophysiology. Pioglitazone was reported to have a fundamental role in neuroprotection in various other neurological disorders.

Evaluation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and its modulators in repeated dose lithium-pilocarpine rat model of status epilepticus: An acute phase study.

The role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in epilepsy and the effects of its modulators as efficacious treatment options, though postulated, has not been sufficiently investigated. We evaluated the involvement of β-catenin and GSK-3β, the significant proteins in this pathway, in the lithium chloride-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus model in rodents to study acute phase of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The modulators studied were 6-BIO, a GSK-3β inhibitor and Sulindac, a Dvl protein inhibitor.

Differential Regulation of Wnt/β-catenin Signaling in Acute and Chronic Epilepsy in Repeated Low Dose Lithium-Pilocarpine Rat Model of Status Epilepticus.

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological complication characterized by unprovoked seizure episodes due to the imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurons. The epileptogenesis process has been reported to be involved in chronic epilepsy however, the mechanism underlying epileptogenesis remains unclear. Recent studies have shown the possible involvement of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the neurogenesis and neuronal reorganization in epileptogenesis.

Neuroprotective effect of Berberine Nanoparticles Against Seizures in Pentylenetetrazole Induced Kindling Model of Epileptogenesis: Role of Anti-Oxidative, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Apoptotic Mechanisms.

There is an unmet need to develop alternative therapeutic strategies to not only restrain seizures but also to alleviate the underlying pathologies and sequelae. Berberine (BBR), an isoquinoline alkaloid, has shown promising effect in the kindling model of epileptogenesis, but due to the poor oral bioavailability its clinical application is limited. So, the present study was designed to study the neuroprotective effect of BBR nanoparticles (enhanced bioavailability as compared to BBR) against seizures in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced kindling model of epileptogenesis.

Phosphodiesterase inhibitor, ibudilast alleviates core behavioral and biochemical deficits in the prenatal valproic acid exposure model of autism spectrum disorder.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is categorized as a neurodevelopmental disorder, presenting with a variety of aetiological and phenotypical features. Ibudilast is known to produce beneficial effects in several neurological disorders including neuropathic pain, multiple sclerosis, etc. by displaying its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties.

Modernising autism spectrum disorder model engineering and treatment CRISPR-Cas9: A gene reprogramming approach.

A neurological abnormality called autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects how a person perceives and interacts with others, leading to social interaction and communication issues. Limited and recurring behavioural patterns are another feature of the illness. Multiple mutations throughout development are the source of the neurodevelopmental disorder autism.

Current and emerging therapeutic approaches for colorectal cancer: A comprehensive review.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) affects 1 in 23 males and 1 in 25 females, making it the third most common cancer. With roughly 608000 deaths worldwide, CRC accounts for 8% of all cancer-related deaths, making it the second most common cause of death due to cancer. Standard and conventional CRC treatments include surgical expurgation for resectable CRC and radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and their combinational regimen for non-resectable CRC.

Role of genomic DNA methylation in PCOS pathogenesis: a systematic review and meta-analysis involving case-controlled clinical studies.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is often associated with aberrant DNA methylation. Despite the advances in diagnostics and treatment of PCOS, the pathophysiological mechanism remains unknown. Several genes are epigenetically dysregulated in PCOS and associated with pathological consequences of PCOS and metabolic comorbidities; however, the methylation status of specific genes and to what extent the genes are deregulated in terms of methylation pattern are unknown.

An insight into crosstalk among multiple signaling pathways contributing to epileptogenesis.

Despite the years of research, epilepsy remains uncontrolled in one-third of afflicted individuals and poses a health and economic burden on society. Currently available anti-epileptic drugs mainly target the excitatory-inhibitory imbalance despite targeting the underlying pathophysiology of the disease. Recent research focuses on understanding the pathophysiologic mechanisms that lead to seizure generation and on possible new treatment avenues for preventing epilepsy after a brain injury.