Five Novel Polymorphs of Cardarine/GW501516 and Their Characterization by X-ray Diffraction, Computational Methods, Thermal Analysis and a Pharmaceutical Perspective.

GW501516, also known by the name of cardarine, is a synthetic peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPR-δ) agonist agent developed for applications in the treatment of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. A broad polymorph screening in various solvents and mixtures was completed in order to explore its capabilities to grow polymorphs. The crystal structures of four polymorphs were elucidated using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, while one structure was solved via a powder X-ray diffraction method.

The Influence of Lyophilization Pretreatment and Whey Content on Whey and Gelatin-Based Hydrogels.

Whey and gelatin, natural polymers within the protein category, find widespread use in hydrogel formulations applied across the food, medical, and pharmaceutical industries. This study presents new characteristics of hydrogels based on whey, gelatin, and copper sulfate as a consequence of the additional steps in the preparation method, specifically refrigeration and freezing storage followed by lyophilization. The water state in hydrogels prior to lyophilization impacts the morphological appearance, with refrigerated hydrogels exhibiting a more regular and dense pore distribution, as shown by the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images.

Crystal Structure and Intermolecular Energy for Some Nandrolone Esters.

Nandrolone (Estr-4-en-17β-ol-3-one) is a derivative of testosterone and a naturally occurring anabolic-androgenic agent which belongs to the steroid group. Crystal structures of four short, medium and long esterified forms of nandrolone, including propionate, phenylpropionate, cypionate and undecanoate were determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal packing, supramolecular features and intermolecular interactions were described based on a quantitative and qualitative Hirshfeld surfaces analysis accompanied by evaluation of crystal energies and intermolecular interactions computation.

Structural Insights and Intermolecular Energy for Some Medium and Long-Chain Testosterone Esters.

Testosterone (17β-Hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one) is the primary male anabolic-androgenic steroid. The crystal structures of two medium and two long esterified forms of testosterone, including enanthate, cypionate, decanoate and undecanoate, were determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The samples were also characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy and thermal analysis (DTA, TG).

Swelling and Antimicrobial Activity Characterization of a GO-Reinforced Gelatin-Whey Hydrogel.

Whey-based hydrogel samples with increasing concentrations of graphene oxide (GO) were studied, against a control sample (M), for swelling behavior in light of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mathematical models of the diffusion process and for antibacterial activity. Graphene oxide (GO) is an optimal filler for whey-based hydrogels, giving them improved mechanical and swelling properties at low concentrations. Crosslinking induces a certain stiffness of the hydrogels, which is why only the first part of the swelling process (<60%) follows the first-order model, while during the whole time interval, the swelling process follows the second-order diffusion model.

Structural Aspects and Intermolecular Energy for Some Short Testosterone Esters.

Testosterone (17β-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one) is the primary naturally occurring anabolic-androgenic steroid. The crystal structures of three short esterified forms of testosterone, including propionate, phenylpropionate, and isocaproate ester, were determined via single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, all the samples were investigated using powder X-ray diffraction, and their structural features were described and evaluated in terms of crystal energies and Hirshfeld surfaces.

Various Aspects Involved in the Study of Tooth Bleaching Procedure: A Questionnaire-Based Study.

A beautiful smile is an important feature when it comes to a pleasant appearance of the face, and one of the most common situations that drive patients to book a dental appointment is tooth discoloration. Tooth bleaching is the treatment of choice for extrinsic tooth discoloration, as it is a cheap, fast, and minimally invasive procedure. This study aimed to provide comparative information on the perceptions of both patients and dentists regarding different whitening methods and on the factors involved in people's willingness to recommend and use a bleaching procedure.

New Composite Hydrogel Based on Whey and Gelatin Crosslinked with Copper Sulphate.

By-products from the meat and dairy industries are important sources of high biological value proteins. This paper explores possibilities for improving the swelling and integrity of a cross-linked whey and gelatin hydrogel with different amounts of CuSO × 5HO. Overall, swelling tests demonstrate that cross-linked samples show a better hydration capacity and stability in the hydration medium, but different copper concentrations lead to different swelling behavior.

Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Gels Based on Bromelain, Whey and Quince Extract.

The growing interest in the appearance and color of teeth has led to the emergence of a wide range of teeth whitening methods, both in dental offices and in patients' homes. Concerns about the possible side effects or toxic effects of peroxide-based whitening gels leads to the identification of alternative whitening methods, based on natural compounds with mild action on tooth enamel and remineralizing effect. In this context, this study describes the preparation and in vitro analysis of whitening gels based on natural active agents-bromelain, quince and whey-using organic (polyacrylate, polyethylene glycol) and/or inorganic (silicate) excipients.

Chemical Composition and Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity of Lavender Essential Oil and Some By-Products.

The producers of essential oils from the Republic of Moldova care about the quality of their products and at the same time, try to capitalize on the waste from processing. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the chemical composition of lavender ( L.) essential oil and some by-products derived from its production (residual water, residual herbs), as well as to assess their "in vitro" antimicrobial activity.

The Influence of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Whey Proteins on the Properties of Gelatin-Whey Composite Hydrogels.

Amino-acids, peptides, and protein hydrolysates, together with their coordinating compounds, have various applications as fertilizers, nutritional supplements, additives, fillers, or active principles to produce hydrogels with therapeutic properties. Hydrogel-based patches can be adapted for drug, protein, or peptide delivery, and tissue healing and regeneration. These materials have the advantage of copying the contour of the wound surface, ensuring oxygenation, hydration, and at the same time protecting the surface from bacterial invasion.

Preparation and Characterization of Natural Bleaching Gels Used in Cosmetic Dentistry.

The novelty of this study consists of the formulation and characterization of three experimental bleaching gels with hydroxylapatite oxides and fluorine (G28®, G29®, G30®) based on natural fruit extracts compared to the commercial Opalescence 15% (GC, Ultradent, South Jordan, UT, USA). Studies have been conducted on the effect that the experimental bleaching gels have on the color and morphology of different restorative materials (Nanofill®-Schulzer, P.L.

Utilization of granular activated carbon adsorber for nitrates removal from groundwater of the Cluj region.

The level of nitrates from groundwater from Cluj County and other areas from Romania have increased values, exceeding or getting close to the allowed limit values, putting in danger human and animal heath. In this study we used granular activated carbon adsorbent (GAC) for nitrate (NO(-)3) removal for the production of drinking water from groundwater of the Cluj county. The influences of the contact time, nitrate initial concentration, and adsorbent concentration have been studied.