Torsionally constrained DNA for single-molecule assays: an efficient, ligation-free method.

Controlled twisting of individual, double-stranded DNA molecules provides a unique method to investigate the enzymes that alter DNA topology. Such twisting requires a single DNA molecule to be torsionally constrained. This constraint is achieved by anchoring the opposite ends of the DNA to two separate surfaces via multiple bonds.

Preservation of field samples for enzymatic and proteomic characterization: analysis of proteins from the trophallactic fluid of hornets and yellowjackets.

Proteomics is fast becoming one of the most interdisciplinary fields, bridging many chemical and biological disciplines. Major challenges, however, can limit the reach of proteomics to studies of model organisms. Challenges include the adequate preservation of field samples and the reliance of in-depth proteomics on sequenced genomes.