The Risks of Phosphate Enemas in Toddlers: A Life-Threatening Unawareness.

Background: While oral laxatives represent the first-line treatment of fecal impaction, enemas are frequently used in clinical practice in pediatric emergency departments (PEDs) and by family pediatricians (FPs).

Objectives: Phosphate-containing enemas (PcEs) are commonly employed, even causing the risk of rare but lethal toxicity. We investigated pediatricians' awareness of PcE risks.

Pioglitazone, a PPAR-y agonist, as one of the new therapeutic candidates for C3 glomerulopathy.

Background: C3-glomerulopathy (C3G) is a rare pediatric kidney disease characterised by dysregulation of the alternative complement pathway, with glomerular deposition of C3. C3G may often present as a steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), and there is no established effective therapy: the usual treatment involves corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs. Pioglitazone, a PPAR-γ agonist with a protective action on podocytes, was reported in a few cases as helpful in reducing proteinuria when combined with steroids.

Effectiveness and safety of a one-yearly elongation approach of growing rods in the treatment of early-onset scoliosis: A case series of 40 patients with definitive fusion.

Background: Early onset scoliosis (EOS) can lead to marked spine and chest wall deformity and often to profound cardiopulmonary compromise. Nowadays, treatment benefits from the possibility of a growth-friendly surgical approach to avoid early spinal fusion. Growing rod spinal implants allow maximizing spine and thorax growth during childhood, performing lengthening procedures traditionally approximately every 6 months.

Glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 lockdown: What comes after a "quarantine"?

Highlights A stable or even improved glycemic control was found in adolescents with T1DM using hybrid closed loop system not only during COVID-19 lockdown but also in the weeks after, when daily activities slowly resumed. Although the slowing down of routine daily activities might still have an influence, we believe that the continuation of the health care professional assistance through telemedicine during lockdown might have led to a "dragging effect" in these patients also after its suspension.

Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus During COVID-19 Quarantine and the Role of In-Home Physical Activity.

To limit the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), governments have ordered a series of restrictions that may affect glycemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), since physical activity (PA) was not allowed outside home. We retrospectively evaluated glycemic control of individuals with T1DM using hybrid closed loop (HCL) system in the period before the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Italy (February 10-23, 2020-Time 1), when movements were only reduced (February 24-March 8, 2020-Time 2) and during complete lockdown (March 9-22, 2020-Time 3). Information about regular PA (at least 3 h per week) prior and during the quarantine was collected.