[Emergency card, emergency medication, and information leaflet for the prevention and treatment of adrenal crisis (Addison crisis): an Austrian consensus document].

A central goal of the adrenal insufficiency management is the prevention of acute adrenal insufficiency (also known as adrenal crisis or Addison crisis). This consensus document was generated in order to achieve better implementation and harmonization of measures for the prevention and treatment of acute adrenal insufficiency in Austria. The following measures are generally recommended for all patients with adrenal insufficiency and are outlined in this manuscript: (1) Provision of a "steroid emergency card" and possibly also a medical alert bracelet or necklace (or similar identification).

Secondary Hyperthyroidism due to an Ectopic Thyrotropin-Secreting Neuroendocrine Pituitary Tumor: A Case Report.

Introduction: The main differential diagnoses of secondary hyperthyroidism include thyrotropin-secreting neuroendocrine pituitary tumors (TSH-PitNETs) and resistance to thyroid hormone. As a rare cause of secondary hyperthyroidism, ectopic thyrotropin-producing neuroendocrine pituitary tumors must also be considered.

Case Presentation: A 48-year-old female patient with overt hyperthyroidism and elevated thyrotropin was admitted to the endocrine outpatient clinic of a secondary care hospital in March 2018.

Diagnostic Accuracy of the Aldosterone-to-Active Renin Ratio for Detecting Primary Aldosteronism.

Context: The aldosterone-to-active renin ratio (AARR) is the recommended screening test for primary aldosteronism (PA), but prospective study data on its sensitivity and specificity are sparse.

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the AARR for detecting PA.

Design: Prospective diagnostic accuracy study.

Radiofrequency ablation of thyroid nodules: "Good Clinical Practice Recommendations" for Austria : An interdisciplinary statement from the following professional associations: Austrian Thyroid Association (ÖSDG), Austrian Society for Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (OGNMB), Austrian Society for Endocrinology and Metabolism (ÖGES), Surgical Endocrinology Working Group (ACE) of the Austrian Surgical Society (OEGCH).

The present "Good Clinical Practice Recommendations" relate to radiofrequency ablation (RFA) training, execution, and quality control, as well as to pre- and postinterventional standards of care. They are aimed at all physicians who intend to learn to perform, or who are already conducting RFA interventions as well as at thyroid specialists providing pre- and postoperative care to RFA patients in Austria. Adoption of these recommendations is strongly encouraged by the afore-listed professional associations.

Association between subjective risk perception and objective risk estimation in patients with atrial fibrillation: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: Oral anticoagulation (OAC) is state-of-the-art therapy for atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common arrhythmia worldwide. However, little is known about the perception of patients with AF and how it correlates with risk scores used by their physicians. Therefore, we correlated patients' estimates of their own stroke and bleeding risk with the objectively predicted individual risk using CHADS-VASc and HAS-BLED scores.

Primary resistance of Helicobacter pylori is still low in Southern Austria.

Objectives: We determined primary and secondary resistance rates of H. pylori in different regions of Austria and potential bacterial and host factors associated with resistance.

Methods: In a prospective multicentre study H.

Outcome of coumarin-therapy in an outpatient setting over a 10-year period: coumarin-therapy in clinical practice.

Objectives: A retrospective study was conducted on an unselected sample of patients on vitamin K antagonists (VKAs; phenprocoumon, acenocoumarol) in an outpatient setting in Austria. The main objective was to determine whether bleeding and thromboembolic events reported in randomised trials are comparable to the experience in clinical practice. In addition, we focused on differences between the two VKAs and the particular indications for treatment and influences of risk factors.

Combination chemotherapy in advanced adrenocortical carcinoma.

Background: Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare cancer that has a poor response to cytotoxic treatment.

Methods: We randomly assigned 304 patients with advanced adrenocortical carcinoma to receive mitotane plus either a combination of etoposide (100 mg per square meter of body-surface area on days 2 to 4), doxorubicin (40 mg per square meter on day 1), and cisplatin (40 mg per square meter on days 3 and 4) (EDP) every 4 weeks or streptozocin (streptozotocin) (1 g on days 1 to 5 in cycle 1; 2 g on day 1 in subsequent cycles) every 3 weeks. Patients with disease progression received the alternative regimen as second-line therapy.

Pheochromocytoma in a 2.75-year-old-girl with a germline von Hippel-Lindau mutation Q164R.

Pheochromocytomas are rare tumors of the adrenal gland occurring sporadically or as part of familial cancer syndromes. Here we report on the case of a pheochromocytoma due to the germline missense mutation c.491A>G (Q164R) in exon 3 of the von Hippel-Lindau gene in a girl as young as 2.

Graz Endocrine Causes of Hypertension (GECOH) study: a diagnostic accuracy study of aldosterone to active renin ratio in screening for primary aldosteronism.

Background: Primary aldosteronism (PA) affects approximately 5 to 10% of all patients with arterial hypertension and is associated with an excess rate of cardiovascular complications that can be significantly reduced by a targeted treatment. There exists a general consensus that the aldosterone to renin ratio should be used as a screening tool but valid data about the accuracy of the aldosterone to renin ratio in screening for PA are sparse. In the Graz endocrine causes of hypertension (GECOH) study we aim to prospectively evaluate diagnostic procedures for PA.

Regulation and function of the sonic hedgehog signal transduction pathway in isolated gastric parietal cells.

Shh (Sonic hedgehog) regulates gastric epithelial cell differentiation. We reported that incubation of purified canine parietal cells with epidermal growth factor (EGF) for 6-16 h, stimulates H(+)/K(+)-ATPase alpha-subunit gene expression through the activation of Akt. We explored if Shh mediates some of the actions of EGF in the parietal cells.

The Akt and MAPK signal-transduction pathways regulate growth factor actions in isolated gastric parietal cells.

Background & Aims: Incubation of purified (>95%) canine parietal cells in primary culture with epidermal growth factor for 7-16 hours stimulates H(+)K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase gene expression. In this study, we examined the effect of prolonged stimulation (72 hours) of the parietal cells with epidermal growth factor.

Methods: H(+)K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase protein and gene expression were assessed by immunohistochemistry and Northern blots.

Intracellular mechanisms mediating the anti-apoptotic action of gastrin.

We previously reported that gastrin (G17) inhibits apoptosis of AR4-2J pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells, through the activation of Akt. We dissected the mechanisms responsible for this effect. D2, a CCKB receptor antagonist, inhibited G17 induction of Akt phosphorylation, measured by Western blots with anti-phospho-Akt antibodies.

Role of small GTP binding proteins in the growth-promoting and antiapoptotic actions of gastrin.

G17 has growth promoting and antiapoptotic effects on the AR4-2J pancreatic acinar cell line. We previously reported that whereas MAPK regulates G17-stimulation of AR4-2J cell proliferation, Akt mediates the antiapoptotic action of G17. We examined the signal-transduction pathways mediating G17 stimulation of AR4-2J cell growth and survival.

Genetic predisposition for adult lactose intolerance and relation to diet, bone density, and bone fractures.

Unlabelled: Evidence that genetic disposition for adult lactose intolerance significantly affects calcium intake, bone density, and fractures in postmenopausal women is presented. PCR-based genotyping of lactase gene polymorphisms may complement diagnostic procedures to identify persons at risk for both lactose malabsorption and osteoporosis.

Introduction: Lactase deficiency is a common autosomal recessive condition resulting in decreased intestinal lactose degradation.

Gastrin biosynthesis in canine G cells.

Gastrin requires extensive posttranslational processing for full biological activity. It is presumed that progastrin is cleaved at pairs of basic amino acids by a prohormone convertase to form a glycine-extended intermediate (G-Gly) that serves as a substrate for peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM), resulting in COOH-terminally amidated gastrin. To confirm the nature of progastrin processing in a primary cell line, we performed [(35)S]methionine-labeled pulse-chase biosynthetic experiments in canine antral G cells.