Correction: The New Face of the Old Molecules: Crustin Pm4 and Transglutaminase Type I Serving as RNPs Down-Regulate Astakine-Mediated Hematopoiesis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Polymorphism in a serine protease inhibitor gene and its association with the resistance of bay scallop (Argopecten irradians) to Listonella anguillarum challenge.

Serine protease inhibitors (SPIs) play a crucial role in regulation of both host and bacterial serine protease. They are classified into several protein families, where Kazal-type inhibitors are one of families with multi-domain. In the present study, the polymorphism of AiSPI from Bay scallop Argopecten irradians was found to be associated with disease resistance of bay scallop against Listonella anguillarum.

The new face of the old molecules: crustin Pm4 and transglutaminase type I serving as rnps down-regulate astakine-mediated hematopoiesis.

Astakine is an important cytokine that is involved in crustacean hematopoiesis. Interestingly, the protein levels of astakine increased dramatically in plasma of LPS-injected shrimp while mRNA levels remained unchanged. Here, we investigated the involvement of astakine 3'-untranslated region (UTR) in its protein expression.

An evolutionarily ancient NO synthase (NOS) in shrimp.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a well known essential molecule that is involved in multiple functions such as neuron transduction, cardiac disease, immune responses, etc.; nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is a critical enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of it. A very few crustacean NOS molecules were biochemically characterized so far.

Transcriptome analysis of artificial hybrid pufferfish Jiyan-1 and its parental species: implications for pufferfish heterosis.

Jiyan-1 puffer, the F1 hybrid of Takifugu rubripes and Takifugu flavidus, displays obvious heterosis in the growth performance, flavor and stress tolerance. In the present study, comparative analysis for the transcriptomes of T. rubripes, T.

A C1q domain containing protein from scallop Chlamys farreri serving as pattern recognition receptor with heat-aggregated IgG binding activity.

Background: The C1q domain containing (C1qDC) proteins refer to a family of all proteins that contain the globular C1q (gC1q) domain, and participate in a series of immune responses depending on their gC1q domains to bind a variety of self and non-self binding ligands.

Methodology: In the present study, the mRNA expression patterns, localization, and activities of a C1qDC protein from scallop Chlamys farreri (CfC1qDC) were investigated to understand its possible functions in innate immunity. The relative expression levels of CfC1qDC mRNA in hemocytes were all significantly up-regulated after four typical PAMPs (LPS, PGN, β-glucan and polyI:C) stimulation.

Association between the polymorphism of CfPGRP-S1 gene and disease susceptibility/resistance of zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri) to Listonella anguillarum challenge.

Peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) is a pattern recognition receptor, playing important roles in the innate immune response against invasive pathogens. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci in scallop PGRP gene (CfPGRP) were screened from Chlamys farreri to investigate their association with disease resistance of scallop against Listonella anguillarum. Thirteen SNP sites were identified in PGRP domain of CfPGRP, and two of them at positions 4407 and 4408 which are located in the same codon resulted in a nonsynonymous substitution.

Association of CfLGBP gene polymorphism with disease susceptibility/resistance of Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri) to Listonella anguillarum.

Lipopolysaccharide and β-1, 3-glucan binding protein (LGBP) is a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) recognizing and binding both LPS and β-1, 3-glucan, playing important roles in innate immunity. In the present study, the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were assessed in LGBP gene from scallop Chlamys farreri (designated CfLGBP), and eight SNPs were found in its potential LPS and glucanase binding motif. The locus +7679 with the transition of G-A, which produced an amino acid substitution at codon 360 from a non polar Glycine to polar Serine, was selected to inspect their association with disease resistance/susceptibility to Listonella anguillarum.

A novel cold-regulated cold shock domain containing protein from scallop Chlamys farreri with nucleic acid-binding activity.

Background: The cold shock domain (CSD) containing proteins (CSDPs) are one group of the evolutionarily conserved nucleic acid-binding proteins widely distributed in bacteria, plants, animals, and involved in various cellular processes, including adaptation to low temperature, cellular growth, nutrient stress and stationary phase.

Methodology: The cDNA of a novel CSDP was cloned from Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri (designated as CfCSP) by expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) approach. The full length cDNA of CfCSP was of 1735 bp containing a 927 bp open reading frame which encoded an N-terminal CSD with conserved nucleic acids binding motif and a C-terminal domain with four Arg-Gly-Gly (RGG) repeats.

The Gln32Lys polymorphism in HSP22 of Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri is associated with heat tolerance.

Background: Heat shock protein 22 is a member of small heat shock proteins with molecular chaperone activity. Though their multiple functions have been well characterized, there is no report about the association between the polymorphisms of HSP22 and heat tolerance.

Methodology: Three single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in HSP22 from scallop Chlamys farreri (CfHSP22), and the +94 C-A locus was found to be nonsynonymous.

cDNA cloning and characterization of a new member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family gene from scallop, Chlamys farreri.

Tumor necrosis factors receptor (TNFR) is a superfamily of proteins derived mainly from vertebrates. It plays significant role in diverse physiological and pathological events such as inflammation, apoptosis, autoimmunity and organogenesis. The gene of a new member of TNFR family, designated as CfTNFR2, was cloned and characterized from scallop, Chlamys farreri.

Identification and characterization of a Cystatin gene from Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis.

Cystatins are a superfamily of proteins as reversible inhibitor of cysteine proteinases which play essential roles in a spectrum of physiological and immunological processes. In this study, a novel member of Cystatin superfamily was identified from Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis (designated EsCystatin) by expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) approaches. The full-length cDNA of EsCystatin was of 1486 bp, consisting of a 5'-terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 92 bp, a 3' UTR of 1034 bp with a polyadenylation signal sequence AATAAA and a polyA tail, and an open reading frame (ORF) of 360 bp encoded a polypeptide of 120 amino acids with the theoretical isoelectric point of 5.