Cross-talk between adipose tissue and microbiota-gut-brain-axis in brain development and neurological disorder.

The gut microbiota is an important factor responsible for the physiological processes as well as pathogenesis of host. The communication between central nervous system (CNS) and microbiota occurs by different pathways i.e.

Diacerein mitigates endocrine and cardio-metabolic disruptions in experimental PCOS mice model by modulating AdipoR1/ PON 1.

Background: This study aimed to explore the impact of Diacerein (DIC) on endocrine and cardio-metabolic changes in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) mouse model.

Methods: A total of 18 adult female mice (Parkes strain), aged 4-5 weeks, were randomly assigned to three groups, each comprising 6 animals, as follows: Group I (control), received normal diet and normal saline as vehicle for 51 days; Group II received Letrozole (LET; 6 mg/kg bw) for 21 days to induce PCOS; Group III received LET, followed by daily oral gavage administration of DIC (35 mg/kg bw) for 30 days.

Results: This study indicates that treatment with LET resulted in PCOS with characteristics such as polycystic ovaries, elevated testosterone, weight gain, visceral adiposity, high levels of insulin as well as fasting blood glucose in addition to insulin resistance, improper handling of ovarian lipids, atherogenic dyslipidemia, impaired Na + /K + -ATPase activity and serum, cardiac, and ovarian oxidative stress.

The impact of non-caloric artificial sweetener aspartame on female reproductive system in mice model.

Background: Artificial sweeteners, used as sugar substitutes have found their ways into almost all the food items due to the notion that they are non-caloric. Aspartame is used in numerous food products throughout the world. The primary users of aspartame include diabetics and calorie conscious people who intend to limit their calorie intake.

Ameliorative effects of gallic acid on GLUT-4 expression and insulin resistance in high fat diet-induced obesity animal model mice, .

Unlabelled: Reduced activity of glucose transporter type 4 isoform (GLUT-4), an insulin-sensitive glucose transporter distributed on the adipocytes, is associated with impaired insulin signaling. Insulin resistance resulting from alteration in glucose transport is responsible for exacerbating the emergence of metabolic abnormalities. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the antidote gallic acid (GA) on expression-related changes in GLUT-4 and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) in the visceral adipose tissue and on the subsequent development of insulin resistance in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity animal model.

Physiological Impact of the Non-Nutritive Artificial Sweetener, Aspartame, and the Therapeutic Potential of Aqueous Extract of .

The present study investigated the impact of aspartame (ASP) on biochemical and histological profiles and the therapeutic potential of aqueous extract of (PN) in female Swiss albino mice (20 ± 2 g b. w.).

Role of diacerein on steroidogenesis and folliculogenesis related genes in ovary of letrozole-induced PCOS mice.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), an intricate and multifaceted metabolic-endocrine disorder that typically affects 6-20% of women of reproductive age and accounts for 70-80% of all occurrences of infertility globally. In this study we focussed on the effect of diacerein (DIC) on steroidogenesis and follicle development in addition to the basic metabolic and endocrine problems which are associated with PCOS. Eighteen mature female parkes strain mice were separated into three groups at random with 6 animals in a group as follows: Group I, received water and normal diet for 66 days; group II received letrozole (LETZ) (6 mg/kg bw) for the induction of PCOS; Group III received LETZ (6 mg/kg) for 3 weeks followed by the administration of DIC (35 mg/kg) for 45 days.

Chlorogenic Acid Restores Ovarian Functions in Mice with Letrozole-Induced Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Via Modulation of Adiponectin Receptor.

Around the world, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine-metabolic condition that typically affects 6-20% of females. Our study's major goal was to examine how chlorogenic acid (CGA) affected mice with endocrine and metabolic problems brought on by letrozole-induced PCOS. Group I served as the control for 81 days; Group II was given Letrozole (LETZ) orally at a dose of 6 mg/kg bw for 21 days to induce PCOS; Group III was given LETZ (6 mg/kg) for 21 days, followed by treatment with CGA (50 mg/kg bw daily) for 60 days.

Gallic acid reverses ovarian disturbances in mice with letrozole-induced PCOS via modulating Adipo R1 expression.

Research Question: Women are increasingly suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Its pathophysiology is still unknown, though. The purpose of this study was to ascertain how gallic acid affected the pathophysiology of the ovary in an animal model of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Vitamin C mitigates hematological and biochemical alterations caused by di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate toxicity in female albino mice, .

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is ubiquitous environmental contaminant and identified as endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), present in plastics as plasticizer. Due to its versatile use, human exposure level reaches to danger limit. The main focus of our study is to see the effect of vitamin C on hematological and biochemical alterations caused by Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate toxicity in female albino mice, .

Therapeutic Role of Phytophenol Gallic Acid for the Cure of COVID-19 Pathogenesis.

The SARS CoV-2 virus, the causative agent of COVID-19 uses the ACE-2 receptor of the host to penetrate and infect the cell, mainly in the pulmonary, renal, and cardiac tissues. The earlier reported Delta and the recent Omicron are the variants of concern. The mutations in the RBD region of spike protein are associated with increased RBD-ACE-2 receptor interaction.

Turmeric extract alleviates endocrine-metabolic disturbances in letrozole-induced PCOS by increasing adiponectin circulation: A comparison with Metformin.

One of the most common causes of female infertility is polycystic ovarian syndrome, which affects 6-21% of the population. Regrettably, the currently available treatments are mostly symptomatic and ineffective. As a result, safer options are needed now more than ever.

Effects of oxytocin and antagonist antidote atosiban on body weight and food intake of female mice, .

Growing evidence suggests that oxytocin (OT) plays an important factor for the control of food intake, body weight, and energy metabolism in human and non-human animals. It has reported previously, the downregulation in oxytocin receptors (OTRs) expression is linked with the development of obesity, but exogenous OT reverse body weight and food intake in obese animal model. It is important to know that, whether intraperitoneal administration crosses blood brain barrier.

Environmental Impact of the Presence, Distribution, and Use of Artificial Sweeteners as Emerging Sources of Pollution.

Artificial sweeteners are posing a new threat to the environment. The water ecosystem is the primary recipient of these emerging contaminants. Once ingested, sufficient amount of these artificial sweeteners escape unchanged from the human body and are added to the environment.

The Perspective of Coronavirus Disease Outbreak: Epidemiology, Transmission, and Possible Treatment.

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which emerged in Wuhan city of China has now spread to 214 countries and territories around the world and two international conveyances (the Diamond Princess cruise ship harbored in Yokohama, Japan and the Holland America's MS Zaandam cruise ship) as of October 11, 2020. The disease has been named as a coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the virus causing the disease is known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There are currently about 36,754,395 confirmed COVID-19-infected cases and 1,064,838 confirmed deaths as of October 11, 2020.

Oxytocin as a Potential Adjuvant Against COVID-19 Infection.

This study summarized the benefits of oxytocin in the attenuation of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pathogenesis. The recent outbreak of COVID-19 has become a pandemic with 7,323,761 infected patients and has created a health emergency worldwide. On the basis of the clinical study, COVID-19 shows homology with other coronavirus pathogenesis, i.

Effects of exogenous oxytocin and atosiban antagonist on GABA in different region of brain.

Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebral central nervous system. It functions by altering the membrane conductance of Cl ions, maintaining the membrane potential close to the resting potential. The hormone oxytocin (OT) has a central action where it acts as a neuromodulatory peptide and exerts its action depending upon the distribution of OT receptors (OTR) in the target site.

Protective effects of saffron against zearalenone-induced alterations in reproductive hormones in female mice ().

Objective: Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin with potent estrogenic effects. Saffron is an herbal product that has antioxidant activities. The objective of this study was to investigate the protective role of saffron against reproductive toxicity induced by ZEA in female mice.

Health Implications Associated with Aspartame Consumption: A Substantial Review.

Aspartame, an artificial sweetening agent belongs to dipeptide chemical category with a very strong sweetening potential. Although research findings in humans and non-human primates have demonstrated numerous negative effects of aspartame (biochemical, histological, neurological, behavioral, genetic etc)., the status of aspartame is still debatable.

Effect of cold stress on infanticide by female Swiss albino mice : a pilot study.

Background: Mice are widely accepted research models of great clinical significance. Maintenance of laboratory mice breed is an essential aspect for performing research activities in various fields of science. Infanticide is one of the prominent causes of litter loss during maintenance of laboratory mice stock.

Effects of Kamdhenu Ark and Active Immunization by Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Conjugate (GnRH-BSA) on Gonadosomatic Indices (GSI) and Sperm Parameters in Male Mus musculus.

Background: Active immunization against GnRH decreases the secretion of gonadotropins and causes cessation of gonadal function, thereby, inducing infertility. Based on the immunoenhancing activity of Kamdhenu ark (distilled cow urine), this study was performed to evaluate its effects on the gonadosomatic indices (GSI) and sperm parameters in male mice receiving a GnRH contraceptive vaccine.

Methods: Sixty adult male mice of Parke's strain were divided into three groups of twenty.

Parthenium hysterophorus induced changes in neurotransmitter levels in mouse brain.

Parthenium hysterophorus (10 mg/0.1 ml/kg body weight) was administered daily to 20 adult male mice and levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine, noradrenaline and dopamine in total brain were quantified on days 31 and 61 after administration. All neurotransmitter levels were decreased significantly, with the effects more prominent in the later part of the experiment.