Resting-state functional connectivity in deaf and hearing individuals and its link to executive processing.

Sensory experience shapes brain structure and function, and it is likely to influence the organisation of functional networks of the brain, including those involved in cognitive processing. Here we investigated the influence of early deafness on the organisation of resting-state networks of the brain and its relation to executive processing. We compared resting-state connectivity between deaf and hearing individuals across 18 functional networks and 400 ROIs.

Point prevalence and sex-specific associated factors of depression in Latvian general population.

Background: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the current prevalence of depression, and analyze sex-specific associated socio-demographic and health-related factors for depression in a representative sample of the general adult population of Latvia.

Methods: Specially trained professional interviewers conducted computer-assisted face-to-face interviews with a multistage stratified probability sample from the general Latvian adult population ( = 2,687). A 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) was used for assessment of depression.

Intramolecular Cyclization During Bromination of the Quinoline Alkaloid Haplophyllidine.

Bromination of the furanoquinoline alkaloid haplophyllidine by molecular bromine and -bromosuccinimide was accompanied by intramolecular cyclization to form mixtures of new compounds containing additional penta-, hexa-, and spirocyclic rings incorporating the prenyl group of haplophyllidine. The structures and absolute configurations of the chiral centers of all four bromo-derivatives were elucidated using a combination of NMR spectroscopic methods and X-ray crystal structure analyses.

Anxiety Screening among the General Population of Latvia and Associated Factors.

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the point prevalence of at least mild anxiety symptoms and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder in the Latvian general population, and to analyze the associated factors. Materials and Methods: A computer-assisted face-to-face survey was conducted in 2019−2020 with a multistage stratified probability sample of the Latvian general adult population (n = 2687). Anxiety was assessed using the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale; a score of ≥5 was defined as indicating the presence of mild symptoms of anxiety, and a score of ≥10 as the cutoff for identifying cases of generalized anxiety disorder.

Sensory experience modulates the reorganization of auditory regions for executive processing.

Crossmodal plasticity refers to the reorganization of sensory cortices in the absence of their typical main sensory input. Understanding this phenomenon provides insights into brain function and its potential for change and enhancement. Using functional MRI, we investigated how early deafness influences crossmodal plasticity and the organization of executive functions in the adult human brain.

Exploring Networks of Lexical Variation in Russian Sign Language.

When describing variation at the lexical level in sign languages, researchers often distinguish between phonological and lexical variants, using the following principle: if two signs differ in only one of the major phonological components (handshape, orientation, movement, location), then they are considered phonological variants, otherwise they are considered separate lexemes. We demonstrate that this principle leads to contradictions in some simple and more complex cases of variation. We argue that it is useful to visualize the relations between variants as graphs, and we describe possible networks of variants that can arise using this visualization tool.

Crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and energy framework study of 6-formyl-7,8,9,11-tetra-hydro-5-pyrido[2,1-]quinazolin-11-one.

At 100 K, the title compound, CHNO, crystallizes in the ortho-rhom-bic space group 2 with two very similar mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit. An intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond leads to an (6) graph-set motif in each of the mol-ecules. Inter-molecular π-π stacking and C=O⋯π inter-actions involving the aldehyde O atoms link mol-ecules into stacks parallel to [100].

Stereochemistry of the methyl-idene-bridged quinazoline-iso-quinoline alkaloid 3-{[6,7-dimeth-oxy-1-(4-nitro-phen-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydro-isoquinolin-2-yl]methyl-idene}-1,2,3,9-tetra-hydro-pyrrolo-[2,1-]quinazolin-9-one methanol monosolvate.

Two potentially bioactive fragments, namely a tricyclic quinazoline derivative with an exocyclic alkene moiety and a substituted iso-quinoline, are coupled to give 3-{[6,7-dimeth-oxy-1-(4-nitro-phen-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydro-isoquinolin-2-yl]methyl-idene}-1,2,3,9-tetra-hydro-pyrrolo-[2,1-]quinazolin-9-one. The target product crystallizes as a methanol solvate, CHNO·CHO, and is configured. The alternative isomer would necessarily imply either considerable twist about the central double bond or very unfavourable intra-molecular contacts between sterically more demanding substituents.

Using the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) for the assessment of bioclimatic conditions in Russia.

The impact of climatic conditions on human beings can be assessed using bioclimatic indices. In this study, the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) was applied to assess the bioclimate in Russia. Seasonal features, region-specific features, and extreme values of the UTCI were considered in the climatic conditions of 2001-2015.

Crossmodal reorganisation in deafness: Mechanisms for functional preservation and functional change.

The study of deafness and blindness has contributed unique knowledge to our understanding of the brain, showing that environmental experience critically shapes neural structure and function. Nevertheless, the most prevalent theories of crossmodal plasticity propose opposing views about the function of reorganised cortical regions. Some theories agree on functional preservation, where in the absence of early sensory stimulation, cortical regions respond to a different sensory modality, but perform the same function.

Synthesis of 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and pseudosymmetry in its crystal structure.

Natural and synthetic isoquinoline alkaloids display a wide variety of potent biological activities. The title 1-aryl-2-hydroxyethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, C19H23NO4, crystallizes with two molecules in the asymmetric unit related by pseudo-translation but differing only slightly in conformation. The pseudosymmetry is also reflected in the diffraction pattern.

Crystal structure of anagyrine perchlorate.

The title mol-ecular salt, C15H21N2O(+)·ClO4 (-), crystallizes with four cations (A, B, C and D) and four anions in the chiral unit cell (space group P21). The alkaloid was isolated from the aerial parts of Genista Hispanica collected in the Samarkand region of Uzbekistan. Each cation is protonated at the N atom that bridges the alkaloid rings C and D.

Regulation of PGC-1α Isoform Expression in Skeletal Muscles.

The coactivator PGC-1α is the key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle expresses several PGC-1α isoforms. This review covers the functional role of PGC-1α isoforms and the regulation of their exercise-associated expression in skeletal muscle.

Structure-activity relationship investigations of leishmanicidal N-benzylcytisine derivatives.

In vitro leishmanicidal activity of 16 N-benzylcytisine derivatives has been evaluated using Leishmania donovani axenic amastigotes. In general, halogen (bromo-, chloro-) derivatives appeared to be more toxic against parasites than their parent compounds. Quantum-chemical calculations helped to recognize certain patterns in the structure of frontier orbitals related to bioactivity of compounds.

[Comprehensive monitoring of cerebral haemodynamics during surgical interventions on brachiocephalic arteries].

The authors analysed a total of 152 surgical interventions on the brachiocephalic arteries (BCAs) performed in 142 patients. All the patients were subjected to intraoperative monitoring of cerebral haemodynamics by means of transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography simultaneously accompanied by electroencephalography (EEG). Additionally, the state of the reconstructed carotid arteries was controlled by means of ultrasonographic duplex scanning (USDS).

[Mechanism of development and diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia in patients with risk factors].

Aim: To optimize diagnosis of purulent lung destruction of aspiration genesis in patients with risk factors basing on algorithms.

Material And Methods: A total of 235 patients with destructive aspiration pneumonia (AP) aged 32-70 years (207 males and 28 females) were examined (fibrobronchoscopy, esophagogastroscopy, 24-h pH-metry). Statistic processing was made with nonparametric methods (ANOVA/MANOVA).

Corrective effect of clotrimazole and beta-ionol during exposure to thiophenol.

Toxic effect of thiophenol on rats can be prevented by injection of antioxidant beta-ionol and clotrimazole, an inductor of phase I and II detoxication enzymes. Both agents increase o-demethylase activity of cytochrome P-450, but do not prevent inhibition of its water-soluble form, and activate cytosol and microsomal glutathione-dependent enzymes. Both agents protected erythrocytes from peroxide damage by thiophenol and simultaneously enhanced its prooxidant effect in the liver.

[The role of the signal significance of the stimulus in the manifestation of behavioral acts in a group of Poecilia reticulata Peters].

On example of guppy Poecilia reticulata Peters interrelation was examined of novelty and significance of chemical stimulus for manifestation of fish behavioural reactions. Imparting of significance to the stimulus influences not only goal-directed orienting-searching acts appearing after stimulus recognition and due to the notion of its significance but also previous orienting-exploring behaviour, directed to recognition and revealing of its significance.

[Evaluation of toxemia and peripheral blood indices in dogs irradiated with large doses].

Toxemia and peripheral blood of dogs were studied after irradiation with doses of 2.9, 10, 40, and 80 Gy. Destructive changes were revealed in the blood part of which could not be counted by conventional methods.