Structural influences on synaptic plasticity: The role of presynaptic connectivity in the emergence of E/I co-tuning.

Cortical neurons are versatile and efficient coding units that develop strong preferences for specific stimulus characteristics. The sharpness of tuning and coding efficiency is hypothesized to be controlled by delicately balanced excitation and inhibition. These observations suggest a need for detailed co-tuning of excitatory and inhibitory populations.

[Optimization of secondary prevention in patients with high-risk atherothrombotic ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attacks].

High and very high risk atherothrombotic ischemic stroke (ATIS) includes patients with severe extracranial atherosclerosis, any intracranial atherosclerosis, and aortic arch atheromatosis. The article discusses the most effective approaches to medical short- and long-term secondary prevention of ATIS, major vascular events and death, based on the results of modern research and current clinical guidelines. Clinical studies of recent years have proven the possibility of individualization and intensification of secondary prevention of ATIS.

Developing a Culturally Relevant Measure of Resilience for War-Affected Adolescents in Eastern Ukraine.

Psychosocial support in education that is provided during emergencies frequently aims to support children's resilience, but strong, contextual measures of resilience are in short supply in Eastern Europe. In this article, our aim is to describe the development and psychometric properties of the first measure of resilience for war-affected adolescents in Eastern Ukraine. We used qualitative methods to identify the main cultural characteristics of resiliency and then used these constructs to develop the measure.

[Vestibular vertigo in stroke and vestibular neuronitis].

The article discusses two main causes of acute vestibular dizziness - vertebrobasilar ischemic stroke and vestibular neuritis. The features of acute vestibular syndrome depending on the localization of cerebral infarction - in the territory of the posterior inferior, anterior inferior and superior cerebellar arteries, as well as in the brain stem are presented. Detailed clinical characteristics of vestibular neuritis is given.

Predictors of Acute Encephalopathy in Patients with COVID-19.

Introduction: The majority of patients with severe COVID-19 suffer from delirium as the main sign of encephalopathy associated with this viral infection. The aim of this study was to identify early markers of the development of this condition.

Materials: The prospective cohort-based study included patients with community-acquired pneumonia and confirmed pulmonary tissue infiltration based on CT data, with a lesion consisting of at least 25% of one lung.

Neuronal circuits overcome imbalance in excitation and inhibition by adjusting connection numbers.

The interplay between excitation and inhibition is crucial for neuronal circuitry in the brain. Inhibitory cell fractions in the neocortex and hippocampus are typically maintained at 15 to 30%, which is assumed to be important for stable dynamics. We have studied systematically the role of precisely controlled excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) cellular ratios on network activity using mice hippocampal cultures.

[Embolic stroke of undetermined source].

About 20-40% of ischemic stroke survivors cannot be attributed to a particular pathogenetic subtype despite a thorough diagnostic evaluation (cryptogenic stroke). Most cryptogenic strokes are likely embolic. This understanding is captured by a related concept, termed embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS), which is defined as a nonlacunar brain infarct without proximal arterial stenosis or cardioembolic sources.

[Changes in cerebral perfusion in patients undergoing revascularization of carotid artery stenosis].

Ischemic stroke is caused by atherosclerotic lesions in extra- and intracranial arteries in about 25% of cases. Revascularization surgery has been long and widely used for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke in patients with atherosclerotic lesions of the carotid arteries. However, currently the changes in cerebral perfusion in patients with atherosclerotic lesions of brachiocephalic arteries, who underwent surgical revascularization, are still not fully understood.

[Features of pathological changes of fibro-cartilaginous tissue knee in patients with Baker cyst.].

Objective: Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate the characteristics of pathological changes of fibro-cartilage of the knee in patients with Baker cyst, to assess the compliance of degrees of damage stages of osteoarthritis on a scale of Kellgren–Lawrence (K–L), and compare the results with the data of other researchers.

Material And Methods: This study included patients (38–82 years) with a cyst Baker accidentally detected during ultrasound veins of the lower extremities. The subjects underwent a single knee MRI.

[Assessing the impact of citicoline on the efficiency of rehabilitation measures in patients with ischemic stroke].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of citicoline on the efficacy of rehabilitation measures in patients with ischemic stroke (IS).

Material And Methods: Sixty patients were examined in the acute period of hemispheric IS. All patients underwent routine comprehensive treatment.

[Melatonin in the correction of sleep in post-stroke patients].

Aim: To assess an effect of melatonin on quality of life and effectiveness of rehabilitation in patients with ischemic stroke (IS) suffered from insomnia due to sleep initiation disturbance.

Material And Methods: Sixty post-stroke patients with insomnia were stratified into two groups matched for characteristics assessed in the study. Patients of the main group received melatonin during 21 days.

[Insomnia and sleep-related breathing disturbances are the new risk factors for ischemic stroke].

Sleep disorders have an extremely negative impact on human vital functioning, encompassing both mental and somatic sphere. A large number of clinical trials have shown an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and their complications, including the risk of ischemic stroke, in patients suffering from insomnia or sleep-related breathing disturbances. These types of sleep disorders are the most common in the structure of all violations of sleep.

[Treatment of sleep disorders in patients with mild cranial-brain injury in the early rehabilitation period].

Objective: To study the effect of melatonin (melaxen) on sleep disorders in patients with mild cranial-brain injury (CBI) in the early rehabilitation period.

Material And Methods: Sixty patients were randomized to equal groups treated or not treated with melaxen. Along with neurological and somatic examination, polysomnography and scales for measurement depression and quality of life ( ESS, BDI, EuroQol etc) were used.

[Retrojugular access to carotid arteries].

The issue aimed the comparative analysis of the classical and rarely used retrojugular access to carotid arteries on the example of 151 eversion endarterectomies. Of them, 56 operations were performed with the use of retrojugular and 95 with classical access. The retrojugular access demonstrated reliable benefits considering the postoperative period.

[Surgical treatment of pathological kinking of the internal carotid artery].

The study was aimed at improving surgical policy in management of patients presenting with pathological tortuosity of the internal carotid artery. The study comprised a total of 105 patients with pathological kinking of the internal carotid artery undergoing a total of 117 reconstructive operations. In order to determine the indications for the operation the patients were subjected to triplex scanning, transcranial Dopplerography and monitoring of blood flow in the median cerebral artery, contrast-enhanced computed tomography or magnetic resonance tomography.

[Subclavian-femoral bypass grafting in treatment of lower-limb critical ischaemia in an elderly patient with an inoperable thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm].

The authors describe herein a variant of successful palliative treatment of a 73-year-old male patient suffering from an inoperable thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm accompanied by coronary artery disease, painless myocardial ischaemia, pathological tortuosity of the left internal carotid artery, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and chronic renal insufficiency. The patient was admitted to the Department of Vascular Surgery presenting with critical ischaemia of his left lower limb, complaining of numbness and gnawing pain both at rest and while walking a distance of up to 10-15 metres, demonstrating portions of skin ischaemia up to 2 cm long on the anterior surface of the femoral upper third, clinical signs of a thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm, the presence of a pulsating formation in the projection of the infrarenal portion of the abdominal aorta measuring 5x6 cm. The diagnosis was made based on the findings of instrumental examination, ultrasonography, multispiral computed tomographic angiography, and coronarography, having confirmed the following: a thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm, occlusion of the left common artery and anterior iliac artery, coronary artery disease, painless myocardial ischaemia, pathological kinking of the left internal carotid artery, chronic renal insufficiency, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

A Specialized device designed for eversion carotid endarterectomy.

Carotid endarterectomy (CEAE) is currently considered to be one of the most efficient methods of treatment for chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency and prevention of recurrent acute impairments of cerebral blood supply. Methodically, the manipulation concerned is in the majority of cases carried out by one of two most commonly employed techniques, i. e.

Peculiarities of glomus-sparing eversion carotid endarterectomy.

Described in the article are technical peculiarities of performing eversion carotid endarterectomy with the preservation of the structure of the carotid glomus. Atherosclerosis of the carotid artery bifurcation appears to influence the onset and course of arterial hypertension. An important role therein is played by barorefl ex and glomus dysfunction.

[The effect of carotid endarterectomy on cognitive disturbances in patients with atherosclerotic stenosis of carotid arteries].

Clinical and neuropsychological features of non-dementia cognitive disturbances were studied in 102 patients with atherosclerotic carotid stenosis. Cognitive disturbances were assessed after the carotid endarterectomy (CEAE). Mild cognitive impairment was found in 37 (36,3%) of patients, moderate cognitive impairment was diagnosed in 36 (35,3%)patients.

The application of inverse Broyden's algorithm for modeling of crack growth in iron crystals.

In the present paper we demonstrate the use of inverse Broyden's algorithm (IBA) in the simulation of fracture in single iron crystals. The iron crystal structure is treated as a truss system, while the forces between the atoms situated at the nodes are defined by modified Morse inter-atomic potentials. The evolution of lattice structure is interpreted as a sequence of equilibrium states corresponding to the history of applied load/deformation, where each equilibrium state is found using an iterative procedure based on IBA.

[Gigantic aneurysm resulting from pathological kinking of the internal carotid artery].

Described in the article is a case report of successful surgical management of a 50-year-old male patient presenting with a gigantic aneurysm of the right internal carotid artery, pathological tortuosity of the right and left internal carotid arteries, successfully treated by resection of the aneurysm of the right internal carotid artery with autovenous prosthetic repair of the right internal carotid artery.