Diabetes Second-Line Medication Prescription Patterns in Costa Rica and Panama: Evidence From the DISCOVER Registry.

Aim: This study aimed to describe the prescription patterns of second-line medications for patients with diabetes from selected centers in Costa Rica and Panama.

Methods: DISCOVER is a registry of patients with type 2 diabetes switching from first- to second-line medications. We analyzed medication choice and the reasons to switch for each country.

Diabetes in South and Central America: an update.

The estimated population of the South and Central America (SACA) Region is 467.6 million and 64% is in the age range of 20-79 years but the population pyramid and age distribution are changing. The average prevalence of diabetes in the Region is 8.

Regulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity by IL-2 and cyclic AMP.

IL-2 regulates the expression and activation of the principal rate-limiting enzyme of polyamine synthesis, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). The apparent activation of ODC occurs by two independent steps. Rapid activation of enzyme occurs within the first 10 min of lymphokine treatment of cloned IL-2-dependent murine cell lines.

Specific inhibition of c-myc protein biosynthesis using an antisense synthetic deoxy-oligonucleotide in human T lymphocytes.

C-myc protein expression in human T cells was specifically inhibited by a 15-mer deoxy-oligonucleotide complementary to the 5' end of the human c-myc gene second exon. The oligonucleotide penetrates the cells without any treatment, with a plateau of cell association reached in 2 h. The oligonucleotide specifically blocked the de novo synthesis of c-myc protein, induced by PHA in human resting peripheral T cells, without impairing the overall synthesis of other proteins, as shown by two-dimensional analysis of [35S]methionine pulse-labeled proteins.

Differential effects of captan on DNA polymerase and ribonuclease H activities of avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase.

Captan was used as an inhibitor of avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase to study the polymerase and RNase H catalytic activities. With purified enzyme, RNase H activity was 10-fold more sensitive to captan than was either the DNA-dependent or RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity. Inhibition of the RNA-dependent polymerase activity could be prevented by dTTP.

Initiation of transcription in nuclei is inhibited by captan.

Captan (N-trichloromethylthio-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide) was examined for its effects on bovine liver nuclear RNA synthesis. Transcription was measured by [3H] UTP incorporation into either acid insoluble product or isolated RNA. Captan (1 mM) was found to inhibit RNA synthesis 50% in intact nuclei and 70% in a hypotonic lysate of nuclei.

5'-Hydroxyl RNA kinase from mouse L cells.

A 5'-hydroxyl RNA kinase from mouse L cells has been partially purified and characterized. The enzyme transfers the gamma-phosphorus from ATP to 5'-hydroxyl termini of RNA much more efficiently than DNA substrates, and is virtually inactive on 3'-CMP. The molecular mass of the predominant kinase activity is estimated to be 93-96 kDa from denaturing and non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel analyses.