Temporal Dynamics and (Para)Clinical Factors Associated With (Long) Viral RNA Shedding in COVID-19 Nonhospitalized Individuals - The COVID-HOME Study.

Understanding temporal patterns and determinants of RNA shedding is important to comprehend SARS-CoV-2 transmission and improve biosafety/isolation guidelines. Nonhospitalized SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals and household members were enrolled between March 2020 and June 2021 and followed prospectively ≥ 3 weeks during acute disease and at 3-, 6-, 12-, and 18-months to obtain (para)clinical data and biospecimens. Flow cytometry-based surrogate assay (FlowSA) detected viable SARS-CoV-2.

Characterization of soluble TLR2 and CD14 levels during acute dengue virus infection.

Dengue virus infection results in a broad spectrum of diseases ranging from mild dengue fever (DF) to severe dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Hitherto, there is no consensus biomarker for the prediction of severe dengue disease in patients. Yet, early identification of patients who progress to severe dengue is pivotal for better clinical management.

Commercial Immunoglobulin Products Contain Neutralizing Antibodies Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Spike Protein.

Background: Patients with antibody deficiency respond poorly to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and are at risk of severe or prolonged infection. They are given long-term immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IRT) prepared from healthy donor plasma to confer passive immunity against infection. Following widespread COVID-19 vaccination alongside natural exposure, we hypothesized that immunoglobulin preparations will now contain neutralizing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike antibodies, which confer protection against COVID-19 disease and may help to treat chronic infection.

Defective T-cell response to COVID-19 vaccination in acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes.

Limited data exist on COVID-19 vaccination efficacy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplasia with excess blasts (AML/MDS-EB2). We report results from a prospective study, PACE (Patients with AML and COVID-19 Epidemiology). 93 patients provided samples post-vaccine 2 or 3 (PV2, PV3).

The COVID HOME study research protocol: Prospective cohort study of non-hospitalised COVID-19 patients.

Background: Guidelines on COVID-19 management are developed as we learn from this pandemic. However, most research has been done on hospitalised patients and the impact of the disease on non-hospitalised and their role in transmission are not yet well understood. The COVID HOME study conducts research among COVID-19 patients and their family members who were not hospitalised during acute disease, to guide patient care and inform public health guidelines for infection prevention and control in the community and household.

Temporal patterns of functional anti-dengue antibodies in dengue infected individuals with different disease outcome or infection history.

Heterotypic secondary dengue virus (DENV) infection is a risk factor for the development of severe disease. To assess the contribution of the developing polyclonal humoral immune response to the course of acute infection, we have determined anti-DENV IgG titers, neutralizing antibodies, percentages of antibodies binding to DENV-infected cells and antibody‑dependent enhancement (ADE) to the infecting serotype in DENV-infected Cambodian children (n = 58), ranging from asymptomatic dengue to severe disease. The results showed that ADE titers are highest against the infecting serotype during heterotypic secondary DENV-2 infection.

Direct Infection of B Cells by Dengue Virus Modulates B Cell Responses in a Cambodian Pediatric Cohort.

Dengue is an acute viral disease caused by dengue virus (DENV), which is transmitted by mosquitoes. Symptoms of DENV infection range from inapparent to severe and can be life-threatening. DENV replicates in primary immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages, which contribute to the dissemination of the virus.

Decreased Type I Interferon Production by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Contributes to Severe Dengue.

The clinical presentation of dengue virus (DENV) infection is variable. Severe complications mainly result from exacerbated immune responses. Type I interferons (IFN-I) are important in antiviral responses and form a crucial link between innate and adaptive immunity.

TLR2 on blood monocytes senses dengue virus infection and its expression correlates with disease pathogenesis.

Vascular permeability and plasma leakage are immune-pathologies of severe dengue virus (DENV) infection, but the mechanisms underlying the exacerbated inflammation during DENV pathogenesis are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that TLR2, together with its co-receptors CD14 and TLR6, is an innate sensor of DENV particles inducing inflammatory cytokine expression and impairing vascular integrity in vitro. Blocking TLR2 prior to DENV infection in vitro abrogates NF-κB activation while CD14 and TLR6 block has a moderate effect.

Impaired Antibody-Independent Immune Response of B Cells in Patients With Acute Dengue Infection.

Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by dengue virus (DENV). The disease is endemic to more than 100 countries with 390 million dengue infections per year. Humoral immune responses during primary and secondary DENV infections are well-investigated.

Suppression of chikungunya virus replication and differential innate responses of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells during co-infection with dengue virus.

Dengue and chikungunya are viral diseases transmitted to humans by infected Aedes spp. mosquitoes. With an estimated 390 million infected people per year dengue virus (DENV) currently causes the most prevalent arboviral disease.

Altered immune response of immature dendritic cells following dengue virus infection in the presence of specific antibodies.

Dengue virus (DENV) replication is known to prevent maturation of infected dendritic cells (DCs) thereby impeding the development of adequate immunity. During secondary DENV infection, dengue-specific antibodies can suppress DENV replication in immature DCs (immDCs), however how dengue-antibody complexes (DENV-IC) influence the phenotype of DCs remains elusive. Here, we evaluated the maturation state and cytokine profile of immDCs exposed to DENV-ICs.