Cerebellar progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy identified by the shrimp sign.

Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease caused by the John Cunningham (JC) virus, which may get reactivated under certain immunosuppressive states such as AIDS, immunomodulatory therapy and haematological malignancies. PML has been reported rarely even in immunocompetent individuals where no immunodeficiency was present. PML characteristically involves periventricular and juxtacortical white matter.

brain abscess with lymphadenitis.

Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis refers to central nervous system infection by dematiaceous mould or by dark walled fungi which contain the dark pigment melanin in their cell wall which adds to the virulence of fungus. These dematiaceous fungi can cause a variety of central nervous infections including invasive sinusitis, brain abscess, meningitis, myelitis and arachnoiditis. among these dematiaceous fungi is the most common cause of brain abscess in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals and is known to occur worldwide though is predominantly reported from subtropical regions especially the Asian subcontinent.

Acute-onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy after COVID-19 infection and subsequent ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination.

SARS-COV-2 predominantly results in a respiratory illness. However, it has also been associated with a wide range of neurological disorders including a broad range of immune neuropathies. These immune neuropathies associated with SARS-COV2 infection include Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), recurrent GBS and exacerbation of pre-existing chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP).

Consensus Statement - Suggested Recommendations for Acute Stroke Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Expert Group on Behalf of the Indian Stroke Association.

The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 is a global public health emergency. This has led to challenges for healthcare facilities to optimally manage other important medical emergencies. Stroke is an important public health emergency with significant mortality and morbidity.

Simultaneous 18F- FDG PET/MRI in Autoimmune Limbic Encephalitis.

Limbic encephalitis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation of the brain with rapidly progressing dementia which requires definitive neurological evaluation. We describe both clinical as well as imaging findings in a case of limbic encephalitis using positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging.

A call for neurologists to take up stroke intervention.

Recent data have provided overwhelming evidence in favor of benefits of emergent endovascular intervention in large vessel acute ischemic stroke (AIS). India with its large population has a huge burden of AIS. Hence, neurologists need to gear up to the new challenge of providing interventional care to huge populations of AIS in the country.

Primary intraventricular central nervous system lymphoma in an immunocompetent patient.

We report a young 15-year-old boy with 6 months history of headache, vomiting, and seizure. He underwent septostomy followed by right ventriculoperitoneal shunt for obstructive hydrocephalus and was managed with empirical antituberculosis treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed solid, nodular, enhancing masses in bilateral lateral ventricles and 4(th) ventricle.

An unusual cause of ischemic stroke - Cerebral air embolism.

Air embolism is a preventable, often undiagnosed but potentially treatable cause of ischemic stroke with a high morbidity and mortality. It is usually iatrogenic ocurring especially in patients in ICU setting. We describe the case and neuroimaging of a patient with ischaemic stroke due to air embolism during manipulation of central venous line.

Pediatric anti-N methyl D aspartate receptor encephalitis.

Anti-N Methyl D Aspartate Receptor encephalitis (anti-NMDARE) is a recently defined disease, which is probably more under-recognized than rare. We report a case of anti-NMDARE in a 13-years-old girl, who presented with intractable seizures. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second case of pediatric anti-NMDARE being reported from India.

Young girl with abnormal behavior: Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor immune encephalitis.

Anti N Methyl D Aspartate receptor immune encephalitis (Anti NMDARE) is a recently defined, under-recognized and often misdiagnosed disease, which typically occurs in young females and may be associated with an underlying tumor, usually ovarian teratoma. If diagnosed early, initiation of immunotherapy and tumor removal (if present) may result in recovery. We report a case of a 17 years old girl with Anti NMDARE who was initially misdiagnosed as Functional psychosis, Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome and Sepsis syndrome.

Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration in Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is a rare disorder presenting typically with acute or subacute severe cerebellar ataxia. PCD is most commonly associated with small cell lung cancer followed by adenocarcinoma of breast and ovary, and Hogdkin's lymphoma. We report a case of a 54-year-old male with acute-onset pancerebellar syndrome with underlying Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Cortical blindness after contrast-enhanced CT scan in a patient of sarcoidosis - Is it related to posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome?

Transient cortical blindness (TCB) is a well known but rare complication of administration of contrast agent. In this case report, we present a 53-year-old woman who is a follow-up case of sarcoidosis and developed TCB with focal neurological symptoms following contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral T2/Flair hyperintensities in parieto-occipital, high frontal, and cerebellar hemispheres with involvement of corpus callosum.