Effects of Polymerization Mode and Interaction with Hydroxyapatite on the Rate of pH Neutralization, Mechanical Properties, and Depth of Cure in Self-Adhesive Cements.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties of self-adhesive resin cements associated with hydroxyapatite (HAp) according to the polymerization activation.

Materials And Methods: Specimens of cements (PermaCem 2.0 [DMG]; MaxCem Elite [Kerr], and RelyX U200 [3M ESPE]) were distributed into three groups: activation mode; self-cured and dual-cured modes; and association or not with HAp powder mode.

Caries progression in non-cavitated fissures after infiltrant application: a 3-year follow-up of a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of a conservative treatment to prevent the progression of caries using an infiltrant on non-cavitated pit and fissures.

Material And Methods: This controlled clinical trial selected 23 volunteers with clinically and radiographically non-cavitated occlusal caries among patients presenting a "rather low" to "very high" caries risk. Eighty-six teeth were randomly divided into two experimental groups: teeth receiving a commercial pit-and-fissure sealant (Alpha Seal-DFL) and contralateral teeth receiving Icon infiltrant (DMG).

Comparative bonding ability to dentin of a universal adhesive system and monomer conversion as functions of extended light curing times and storage.

Objectives: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the bonding ability and monomer conversion of a universal adhesive system applied to dentin as functions of different curing times and storage. The results were compared among a variety of commercial adhesives.

Materials And Methods: Flat superficial dentin surfaces were exposed on human molars and assigned into one of the following adhesives (n = 15): total-etch Adper Single Bond 2 (SB) and Optibond Solo Plus (OS), self-etch Optibond All in One (OA) and Clearfil SE Bond (CSE), and Scotchbond Universal Adhesive in self-etch mode (SU).

The effect of polymerization mode on monomer conversion, free radical entrapment, and interaction with hydroxyapatite of commercial self-adhesive cements.

Objectives: This study evaluated the degree of conversion, the free radical entrapment, and the chemical interaction of self-adhesive resin cements mixed with pure hydroxyapatite, as a function of the polymerization activation mode among a variety of commercial self-adhesive cements.

Materials And Methods: Four cements (Embrace WetBond, MaxCem Elite, Bifix SE, and RelyX U200) were mixed, combined with hydroxyapatite, dispensed into molds, and distributed into three groups, according to polymerization protocols: IP (photoactivation for 40s); DP (delayed photoactivation, 10 min self-curing plus 40s light-activated); and CA (chemical activation, no light exposure). Infrared (IR) spectra were obtained and monomer conversion (%) was calculated by comparing the aliphatic-to-aromatic IR absorption peak ratio before and after polymerization (n=10).

Effects of solvent evaporation on water sorption/solubility and nanoleakage of adhesive systems.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of solvent evaporation in the kinetics of water diffusion (water sorption-WS, solubility-SL, and net water uptake) and nanoleakage of adhesive systems.

Material And Methods: Disk-shaped specimens (5.0 mm in diameter x 0.

Mechanical properties of composites as functions of the syringe storage temperature and energy dose.

Objective: To investigate the mechanical properties of different classifications of composites indicated for posterior application as functions of the storage condition and of the energy dose.

Material And Methods: Specimens (8 x 2 x 2 mm) were obtained according to the factors: I) Composites (3M ESPE): Filtek P60, Filtek Z350XT, and Filtek Silorane; II) Syringe storage conditions: room temperature, aged, oven, refrigerator, and freezer; and III) Energy dose: 24 J/cm(2) and 48 J/cm(2). After photoactivation, the specimens were stored at 37 ºC for 24 h.

Micro-sized erosions in a nanofilled composite after repeated acidic beverage exposures: consequences of clusters dislodgments.

Objective: To evaluate the hardness (KHN), color stability (DE), and superficial micromorphology of two categories of composites after immersion in either distilled water or grape juice for up to 45 days.

Material And Methods: Cylindrical specimens (6 mm diameter x 2 mm thick) were obtained according to the factors: composite [Opallis (FGM) and Filtek Z350XT (3M ESPE)]; immersion solution (distilled water and grape juice); and evaluation time: 24 h and 7, 14, 21, 28, and 45 days. After photoactivation, the specimens were stored at 37 ºC for 24 h.

Effect of photoinitiator concentration on marginal and internal adaptation of experimental composite blends photocured by modulated methods.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of photoinitiator concentration on marginal and internal adaptation of composites photocured by modulated methods.

Materials And Methods: Composites based on BisGMA/triethylene glycol dimethacrylate and 65 wt% of filler were prepared with different concentrations of camphorquinone/amine (C1-0.5%, C2-1%, C3-1.

Hybridization quality and bond strength of adhesive systems according to interaction with dentin.

Objective: To evaluate the hybridization quality and bond strength of adhesives to dentin.

Materials And Methods: Ten human molars were ground to expose the dentin and then sectioned in four tooth-quarters. They were randomly divided into 5 groups according to the adhesive used: Two single-step self-etch adhesives - Adper Prompt (ADP) and Xeno III (XE), two two-step self-etching primer systems - Clearfil SE Bond (SE) and Adhe SE (ADSE), and one one-step etch-and-rinse system - Adper Single Bond (SB).

Resin composite characterizations following a simplified protocol of accelerated aging as a function of the expiration date.

This study evaluated the mechanical, thermal, and morphological characteristics of different classifications of dental composites as a function of the material condition (new, aged and expired). Specimens were obtained according to these factors: Composites: Filtek P60, Filtek Z250, Filtek Z350XT, and Filtek Silorane; and Material conditions: new, aged, and expired. The syringe composites underwent an accelerated aging protocol (Arrhenius model).

Effect of replacing a component of a self-etch adhesive by chlorhexidine on bonding to dentin.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing a component of the self-etch adhesive Adper Scotchbond SE (liquid A + liquid B) by 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) on bond strength to dentin after 1 day, 3 months or 6 months of water storage. Eight human teeth were sectioned to expose a flat dentin surface and were then randomly assigned to 2 groups. In the control group, the dentin surfaces were treated with the adhesive according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Compatibility between silorane adhesive and simplified methacrylate-based adhesive systems.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of replacing P90 primer with simplified adhesive systems (with a conventional, two-step adhesive or a self-etching, one-step adhesive) on bond strength to dentin in Class I restorations. The interfaces were also analyzed using confocal microscopy by adding a fluorophore to the adhesive components and SEM using silver nitrate for nanoleakage investigation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterized the chemical interaction of the adhesives.

Effects of curing protocols on fluid kinetics and hardness of resin cements.

The effects of polymerization protocols on water sorption/solubility, the diffusion coefficient (D), the flux (J), and the hardness (KH) of two resin cements were evaluated. The materials were manipulated and divided into three groups (n=6) according to the curing protocol: PA=photoactivation (40 s); DP=delayed photoactivation (10 min self-curing plus 40 s photoactivated); CA=chemical activation. After desiccation, the specimens were weighed, stored in water (37ºC), evaluated over 28-days, and hardness recorded.

Interaction morphology and bond strength of nanofilled simplified-step adhesives to acid etched dentin.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of nanofillers incorporated into adhesives on the microtensile bond strength (μ-TBS) and interfacial micromorphology to dentin.

Methods: The occlusal enamel of 5 human molars was removed and each tooth sectioned into four quarters. The exposed dentin was treated with one of the following adhesives: Adper Single Bond (SB-unfilled), OptiBond Solo Plus (OS-barium aluminoborosilicate, 400nm Ø), Prime & Bond NT (NT-colloidal silica, 7-40 nm Ø) and Adper Single Bond 2 (SB2-colloidal silica, 5nm Ø).

Esthetic and functional rehabilitation of crowded mandibular anterior teeth using ceramic veneers: a case report.

The use of ceramic veneers to restore crowded teeth in the maxilla has been widely discussed in the literature. However, the use of this technique in the mandible has received little attention. Therefore, this case report describes the treatment of crowded mandibular anterior teeth using ceramic veneers.

Hardness, polymerization depth, and internal adaptation of Class II silorane composite restorations as a function of polymerization protocol.

Objectives: To evaluate the influence of various photoactivation techniques on the internal gap, Knoop-hardness, and polymerization depth of silorane- and methacrylate-based composites in Class II restorations.

Methods: Preparations were made in third molars (n = 10), according to composites (Filtek P60: methacrylate; Filtek P90: silorane) and photoactivation techniques (OC: occlusal photoactivation (control); OBL: occlusal+buccal+lingual photoactivation; and BLO: buccal+lingual+occlusal photoactivation (transdental)). Composites were inserted in two increments, both individually photoactivated for 20s.

Fracture resistance of teeth restored with different resin-based restorative systems.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of teeth restored with resin composite. Forty-eight maxillary premolar teeth were chosen and randomly divided to six groups: G1 (control): sound teeth; G2: MOD preparation, unrestored; G3: MOD + Adper Single Bond 2/P60; G4: MOD + Adper Easy One/P60; G5: MOD + P90 restorative system; G6: MOD + Adper Easy One/P90 Bond/P90. Specimens were subjected to compressive axial loading (0.

Effectiveness of self-adhesive luting cements in bonding to chlorhexidine-treated dentin.

Objectives: The aim was to investigate the microtensile bond strength (μ-TBS) and failure pattern of self-adhesive luting cements (SLC) to dentin pre-treated with different concentrations of chlorhexidine (CHX) solutions.

Methods: The occlusal enamel was removed from 30 extracted sound human molars in order to expose a flat dentin. Resin-composite (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE) discs (12 mm in diameter, 6.

Bond strength and interfacial micromorphology of etch-and-rinse and self-adhesive resin cements to dentin.

Purpose: To evaluate the microtensile bond strength and interfacial micromorphology of indirect composite restorations to dentin using three commercial resin cements after 24 hours and 30 days of water storage.

Materials And Methods: The medium dentin of third human molars was exposed (N = 30, n = 10 per group). Three commercial resin cements were used to cement indirect resin composite restorations to dentin: the auto-cured C&B Cement/All Bond 2, the dual-cured RelyX ARC/Adper Single Bond 2, and the self-adhesive dual-cured RelyX Unicem.

Methacrylate- and silorane-based composite restorations: hardness, depth of cure and interfacial gap formation as a function of the energy dose.

Objectives: To investigate the influence of the energy dose on the hardness, polymerization depth, and internal adaptation of silorane and methacrylate-based posterior composites in Class II restorations with different bonding approaches.

Materials And Methods: Class II preparations were made on the mesial and distal surfaces of extracted third molars and randomly distributed into 6 groups (n=20), according to the restorative systems [methacrylate-based composite: Filtek P60+Adper Single Bond 2 (etch-and-rinse adhesive) - P60/SB; Filtek P60+Adper Easy One (self-etching adhesive) - P60/EO; silorane-based composite: Filtek P90+P90 System Adhesive - P90 (self-etching adhesive)] and the energy dose (20 and 40 J/cm(2)). Resin composites were applied in two increments, individually photoactivated using an LED light-curing unit.

Microtensile bond strength test and failure analysis to assess bonding characteristics of different adhesion approaches to ground versus unground enamel.

This study evaluated the bonding characteristics to ground and unground enamel obtained with different strategies. For this purpose, 24 sound third-molars were bisected mesiodistally to obtain tooth halves. A flat enamel area was delimited in the tooth sections, which were randomly distributed into 8 groups (n=6), according to the enamel condition (ground and unground) and adhesive system (Adper Single Bond 2 - SB2; Adper Prompt L-Pop - PLP; Adper Prompt - AD; Clearfil SE Bond - SE).

Fluoride-containing adhesive: durability on dentin bonding.

Objectives: To evaluate (1) the influence of fluoride-containing adhesive on microtensile bond strength (microTBS) and (2) in vitro secondary caries inhibition at the resin-dentin interface after 24 h and 3 months water-storage and (3) the degree of conversion of different adhesives after 24h 1 month.

Methods: Flat surfaces of human teeth were ground and randomly assigned to six groups: (SBMP-24) Scotchbond Multi-Purpose control [SBMP], 24 h; (SE-24) SBMP etch and primer+Clearfil SE Bond adhesive [SE], 24h; (PB-24) SBMP etch and primer+Clearfil Protect Bond adhesive [PB], 24h; (SBMP-3) SBMP, 3 months; (SE-3) SBMP+SE, 3 months; and (PB-3) SBMP+PB, 3 months. To evaluate the effect of the adhesive resin alone, all teeth were etched with 35% phosphoric acid and primed with SBMP primer prior to applying the adhesive resin.

Effect of adhesive restorations over incomplete dentin caries removal: 5-year follow-up study in primary teeth.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the materials used for indirect pulp treatment (IPT) on the long-term outcome of primary molar teeth.

Methods: Forty-eight teeth with deep carious lesions, but without signs and symptoms of irreversible pulpitis, were randomly divided into 2 groups, according to the material placed on the demineralized dentin remain: (1) experimental group, adhesive system (Scotchbond Multipurpose); and (2) control group, calcium hydroxide liner (Dycal). Both groups were followed by a resin restoration application.

Microtensile bond strength of adhesive systems to dentin with or without application of an intermediate flowable resin layer.

This study evaluated the effect of flowable composite resin application on the microtensile bond strength (microTBS) of adhesive systems to dentin. Occlusal surfaces of human third molars were ground to obtain flat dentin surfaces. The crown of each tooth was sectioned occluso-gingivally into four quarters with a water-cooled diamond saw.

SEM analysis of the acid-etched enamel patterns promoted by acidic monomers and phosphoric acids.

Objective: Although self-etching bonding systems (SES) are indicated to prepare dental enamel for bonding, concerns have been expressed regarding their effectiveness. The aim of this study was to analyze the etching pattern (EP) of nine SES in comparison with 35% and 34% phosphoric acid etchants (FA) on intact (IN) and ground (GR) enamel surface.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-two human third molars were sectioned in mesial-distal and buccal-lingual directions, and four dental fragments were obtained from each tooth.