Continuous-flow synthesis of dimethyl fumarate: a powerful small molecule for the treatment of psoriasis and multiple sclerosis.

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a methyl ester of fumaric acid and has recently gained attention due to its use as a pro-drug in different pharmaceutical preparations, besides the low price of the final molecule and no active patents being available for the synthesis of DMF, the prices of multiple sclerosis treatment are still high. In our continuous effort for the development of process intensification strategies towards the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients, here we present our work on a cascade methodology for dimethyl fumarate synthesis in short reaction times and quantitative yields.

Controlling Nitrogen Oxide (NO ) Emissions from Exothermic Nitrogen Generation Systems for Application in Subsea Environments.

A highly exothermic nitrogen generation system (NGS) can be achieved by mixing solutions of sodium nitrite and ammonium chloride, a process used by the oil and gas industry to dissolve paraffin wax and gas hydrates. Although its main products are nitrogen gas and a sodium chloride brine, the NGS has a side reaction that produces nitrogen oxides. To optimize this process to ensure the greatest and fastest heat generation with the lowest oxide production, this reaction was checked by infrared spectroscopy and calorimetry.

Effects of Solvent Polarity on the Reaction of Aldehydes and Ketones with a Hydrazide-Bound Scavenger Resin.

Polymer-supported reagents have been extensively studied and used in various applications, such as condensation reactions and multiple component reactions. This paper examines the reactions between a solid-functionalized resin, named Amb15-Iso, and aldehydes and ketones that have been solubilized in different solvents. The reactions between these molecules and a hydrazide (isoniazid) in both neutral and acidic media were also studied.

Application of Multiple Regression and Design of Experiments for Modelling the Effect of Monoethylene Glycol in the Calcium Carbonate Scaling Process.

To avoid gas hydrate formation during oil and gas production, companies usually employ thermodynamic inhibitors consisting of hydroxyl compounds, such as monoethylene glycol (MEG). However, these inhibitors may cause other types of fouling during production such as inorganic salt deposits (scale). Calcium carbonate is one of the main scaling salts and is a great concern, especially for the new pre-salt wells being explored in Brazil.

Application of In-Line Mid-Infrared (MIR) Spectroscopy Coupled with Calorimetry for the Determination of the Molar Enthalpy of Reaction between Ammonium Chloride and Sodium Nitrite.

The reaction between ammonium chloride and sodium nitrite has been known for its application as a source of heat because of its large enthalpy of reaction, for which it has been used by the oil industry. There have been no known calorimetric studies for the experimental determination of its molar enthalpy of reaction, which is necessary in order to predict the limits achieved for up-scale applications. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) and reaction calorimetry were used to determine this value by using a simple methodology.