The role of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in alleviating cadmium stress in maize plants.

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that is highly toxic to plants and animals and can accumulate in the environment as a result of industrial activities and agricultural application of some types of phosphate fertilizer. This study aimed to assess the role of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), as a source of nitric oxide (NO) in alleviating Cd stress in maize plants. Maize plants were kept in soil saturated with 40%-strength nutrient solution in a greenhouse, and cadmium nitrate, Cd(NO), was applied at different concentrations, (0, 10, and 50 µM).

Growth, gas exchange, and leaf anatomy of Echinodorus grandiflorus (Cham. & Schltr.) Micheli under Pb contamination.

Lead (Pb) can be deposited in aquatic environments that are especially subject to pollution due to wastewater and sewage disposal. This study aimed to evaluate the tolerance of Echinodorus grandiflorus (Cham. & Schltr.

Calcium plays an essential role in early-stage dendrite injury detection and regeneration.

Dendrites are injured in a variety of clinical conditions such as traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries and stroke. How neurons detect injury directly to their dendrites to initiate a pro-regenerative response has not yet been thoroughly investigated. Calcium plays a critical role in the early stages of axonal injury detection and is also indispensable for regeneration of the severed axon.

Interactions between Starmerella bacillaris and Saccharomyces cerevisiae during sequential fermentations influence the release of yeast mannoproteins and impact the protein stability of an unstable wine.

Wine protein haze formation is a problem due to grape proteins aggregation during wine storage. The cell wall components of wine yeasts, particularly high molecular weight mannoproteins, have a protective effect against haze formation, although their involvement remains poorly understood. This study aimed at characterizing glycosylated proteins released by Starmerella bacillaris and Saccharomyces cerevisiae during single and sequential fermentations in a synthetic must, and testing their impact on wine protein stability.

Host DNA depletion methods and genome-centric metagenomics of bovine hindmilk microbiome.

Bovine mastitis is a multi-etiological and complex disease, resulting in serious economic consequences for dairy farmers and industry. In recent years, the microbiological evaluation of raw milk has been investigated in-depth using next-generation sequencing approaches such as metataxonomic analysis. Despite this, host DNA is a major concern in the shotgun metagenomic sequencing of microbial communities in milk samples, and it represents a big challenge.

Contrasting leaf intercellular space development in sorghum and maize modulates different tolerance capacity to water limitation.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between intercellular spaces and leaf gas exchange and the effect of total intercellular space on the growth of maize and sorghum under water restriction. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (two plant types and three water conditions: field capacity (FC = 100%), 75%FC, and 50%FC) with 10 replicates. The lack of water was a limiting factor for maize because it showed reductions in leaf area, leaf thickness, biomass, and gas exchange parameters, while sorghum remained unchanged, maintaining its water-use efficiency.

Kombuchas from Green and Black Tea Modulate the Gut Microbiota and Improve the Intestinal Health of Wistar Rats Fed a High-Fat High-Fructose Diet.

The Western diet can negatively affect the gut microbiota and is associated with metabolic disorders. Kombucha, a tea fermented by a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY), is known for its bioactive properties and has become popular in the last years. In this study, we evaluated the effects of regular kombucha consumption on the gut microbiota and on outcomes related to the intestinal health of Wistar rats fed a high-fat high-fructose diet.

Stomatal cavity modulates the gas exchange of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. grown under different water levels.

This work aimed to evaluate the effects of lower water levels on leaf intercellular spaces and to assess their relations with the gas exchange, anatomy, and growth of Sorghum bicolor. Experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, in which plants were subjected to three water conditions (ten replicates, n = 30): well-irrigated, decreased irrigation, and limited irrigation. Lower water levels had no significant effect on the growth of S.

The role of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in the formation of root cortical aerenchyma under cadmium contamination.

The present study aimed to evaluate root cortical aerenchyma formation in response to Cd-driven hydrogen peroxide (H O ) production and the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the alleviation of Cd oxidative stress in maize roots and its effects on aerenchyma development. Maize plants were subjected to continuous flooding for 30 days, and the following treatments were applied weekly: Cd(NO ) at 0, 10, and 50 μM and Na [Fe(CN) NO]·2H O (an NO donor) at 0.5, 0.

Impact of deoxynivalenol on intestinal explants of broiler chickens: An ex vivo model to assess antimycotoxins additives.

The impact of deoxynivalenol (DON) upon intestinal tissue of broilers was assessed by using jejunal explants in Ussing chambers and analyzing histopathological and immunohistochemical parameters; this system was also applied to evaluate the efficacy of an antimycotoxins additive (AMA). The explants were subjected to the following treatments within each experiment for 120 min: Experiment 1) T1 (control) - buffer solution, and T2 - 10 mg/L DON; and Experiment 2) T1 (control) - buffer solution, T2 - 10 mg/L DON, T3 - AMA (0.5%), and T4 - 10 mg/L DON + 0.

Expression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transactivator of Transcription (HIV-Tat) Protein Alters Nociceptive Processing that is Sensitive to Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Interventions.

Despite the success of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in reducing viral load, a substantial portion of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)+ patients report chronic pain. The exact mechanism underlying this co-morbidity even with undetectable viral load remains unknown, but the transactivator of transcription (HIV-Tat) protein is of particular interest. Functional HIV-Tat protein is observed even in cerebrospinal fluid of patients who have an undetectable viral load.

Aerenchyma, gas diffusion, and catalase activity in Typha domingensis: a complementary model for radial oxygen loss.

Radial oxygen loss is a physical phenomenon that occurs naturally in aquatic plants. Typha domingensis was chosen as a model plant because it possesses basic morphological characteristics, such as a stem (rhizome) that produces leaves and adventitious roots, which are present in many aquatic plants. This study aimed to evaluate the following: the relevance of the anatomy of T.

Minimally invasive versus open right hepatectomy: comparative study with propensity score matching analysis.

Background: Minimally invasive liver resections (MILRs) have been increasingly performed in recent years. However, the majority of MILRs are actually minor or limited resections of peripheral lesions. Due to the technical complexity major hepatectomies remain challenging for minimally invasive surgery.

Spectral quality and temporary immersion bioreactor for in vitro multiplication of × .

Spectral quality is an important factor for in vitro development of explants in a bioreactor system. Based on the need to optimize micropropagation for  ×  clones, the aim of the study was to assess the spectral quality of in vitro multiplication in temporary immersion bioreactor (TIB). The tissue used to generate the explants (i.

Survival analysis of patients with sepsis in Brazil.

Introduction: This study aimed to analyze the survival of septic patients and to assess prognostic factors.

Methods: Patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock were followed up and clinical and laboratory data were collected. The sepsis-related organ failure assessment (SOFA) score was calculated.

Differences in Carbohydrates Utilization and Antibiotic Resistance Between Streptococcus macedonicus and Streptococcus thermophilus Strains Isolated from Dairy Products in Italy.

Streptococcus thermophilus and S. macedonicus are the only two species of the genus related to food productions so far known. In the present study, eight S.

The Complete Genome Sequence of UFV1 Reveals a Processing System Involved in the Quorum-Sensing Signal Response.

We present here the complete genome sequence of UFV1. The 2.3-Mbp genome contains an extremely interesting AI-2 transporter and processing system related to the quorum-sensing signal response.

Draft Genome Sequence of the Yeast (syn., ) FRI751 Isolated from Fermenting Must of Dried Raboso Grapes.

is an ascomycetous yeast commonly present in enological environments. Here, we report the first draft genome sequence of FRI751, which will facilitate the study of the characteristics of this interesting enological yeast.

Complete Genome Sequence of vB_EcoM-UFV13, a New Bacteriophage Able To Disrupt Trueperella pyogenes Biofilm.

vB_EcoM-UFV13, a member of the T4virus genus, shows lytic activity against Escherichia coli and effectiveness in controlling the biofilm formed by Trueperella pyogenes, which qualifies it as a promising component of phage cocktails for mastitis and metritis control.