Systematic comparison framework for selecting the best retrofitting alternative for an existing water resource recovery facility.

A systematic comparison framework for selecting the best retrofitting alternative for a water resource recovery facility (WRRF) is proposed in this work. The procedure is applied comparing different possible plant configurations to retrofit an existent anoxic/oxic (A/O) WRRF (Manresa, Spain) aiming to include enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). The framework for comparison was built on system analysis using a calibrated IWA ASM2d model.

Adaptable fiberglass post after 3D guided endodontic treatment: Novel approaches in restorative dentistry.

Objective: The rehabilitation of extensively damaged teeth with great structural loss and calcified root canals represents a challenge for dentistry. Classically, this restorative procedure of endodontically treated teeth involves intraradicular post placement. Retentive function post that can closely adapt to the root canal without the excessive wear of intraradicular dentin has a fundamental importance to ensure the longevity of the restoration.

Access to original canal trajectory after deviation and perforation with guided endodontic assistance.

Procedural accidents are eventualities that may occur during endodontic treatment because of lack of attention to detail or even unforeseeable situations. Knowledge of the root canal anatomy and its variations is a prerequisite for successful endodontic treatment. This case report describes an endodontic treatment where there was an intercurrence, generating deviation and perforation, which was solved with the aid of guided endodontics.

A New Approach for Minimally Invasive Access to Severely Calcified Anterior Teeth Using the Guided Endodontics Technique.

This article describes an endodontic treatment technique performed through a new minimally invasive approach that leads to no tooth damage at the incisal edge and uses cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) imaging and 3-dimensional guides. A 26-year-old patient presented with pain in the anterior region of the maxilla and reported having suffered dental trauma 13 years prior. Radiographic examination exhibited no visible root canal on tooth # 9 with a slight thickening in the apical periodontal ligament space.

Guided Endodontic Access in Maxillary Molars Using Cone-beam Computed Tomography and Computer-aided Design/Computer-aided Manufacturing System: A Case Report.

The aim of this study was to describe a guided endodontic technique that facilitates access to root canals of molars presenting with pulp calcifications. A 61-year-old woman presented to our service with pain in the upper left molar region. The second and third left molars showed signs of apical periodontitis confirmed by the cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) scans brought to us by the patient at the initial appointment.

Activated sludge model 2d calibration with full-scale WWTP data: comparing model parameter identifiability with influent and operational uncertainty.

The present work developed a model for the description of a full-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) (Manresa, Catalonia, Spain) for further plant upgrades based on the systematic parameter calibration of the activated sludge model 2d (ASM2d) using a methodology based on the Fisher information matrix. The influent was characterized for the application of the ASM2d and the confidence interval of the calibrated parameters was also assessed. No expert knowledge was necessary for model calibration and a huge available plant database was converted into more useful information.

Cost and effluent quality controllers design based on the relative gain array for a nutrient removal WWTP.

The main objective of this work was the design of different effluent quality controllers and a cost controller for WWTPs. This study was based on the relative gain array (RGA) analysis applied to an anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic (A(2)/O) configuration of a simulated WWTP, with combined removal of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus. The RGA analysis was able to point out the best pairing amongst the input and the output control variables of the plant to design low order and decentralized effluent quality controllers, such as proportional-integral controllers for each variable of interest (ammonium, nitrate and phosphate).

Long-term ammonia removal in a coconut fiber-packed biofilter: analysis of N fractionation and reactor performance under steady-state and transient conditions.

A comprehensive study of long-term ammonia removal in a biofilter packed with coconut fiber is presented under both steady-state and transient conditions. Low and high ammonia loads were applied to the reactor by varying the inlet ammonia concentration from 90 to 260 ppm(v) and gas contact times ranging from 20 to 36 s. Gas samples and leachate measurements were periodically analyzed and used for characterizing biofilter performance in terms of removal efficiency (RE) and elimination capacity (EC).

On-line monitoring of gas-phase bioreactors for biogas treatment: hydrogen sulfide and sulfide analysis by automated flow systems.

Biogas is produced by biological processes under anaerobic conditions and may contain up to 20,000 ppm(v) hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S), a corrosive substance that attacks power engines and can affect the health of the industrial staff. H(2)S must be removed from the biogas, especially in co-generation facilities where the biogas is burnt for energy production. Nowadays, biofiltration is being studied and considered as an interesting alternative for removing H(2)S from the biogas besides classical chemical processes.

Demographic profile of odontogenic and selected nonodontogenic cysts in a Brazilian population.

Objective: To determine the demographic profile of all histologically diagnosed odontogenic cysts (OC) and nonodontogenic cysts (nOC) over a 51-year period in the Brazilian population.

Study Design: Case records of patients with OC and nOC from the files of the Oral Pathology Service, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, during the period of 1953-2003 were evaluated.

Results: Among 19,064 oral biopsies, 2,905 (15.

Metallothionein immunostaining in adenoid cystic carcinomas of the salivary glands.

Metallothionein (MT) is a protein that has been studied in several tumors as a prognostic factor and as a potential myoepithelial cell marker in breast cancer. The aims of this study were to assess the immunohistochemical staining of MT in adenoid cystic carcinomas of the salivary glands (ACC), and to analyze possible morphological and quantitative variations among the solid, cribriform, and tubular histological subtypes. MT was investigated in 15 cases of ACC using the immunohistochemical technique.