Pancreatic neuroendocrine microadenomatosis presenting as a functional VIPoma.

Pancreatic microadenomas are benign tumors of neuroendocrine origin less than 5 mm in size. Whereas most microadenomas are non-functional; a few rare functional pancreatic microadenomas have been described in the setting of multiple endocrine neoplasia type one (MEN-1). In this report, we describe a unique case of multiple functional microadenomas of the pancreatic head in a patient who presented with persistent secretory diarrhea, refractory hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis and elevated plasma vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) levels.

Resection of a mature cystic teratoma of the liver harboring a carcinoid tumor.

Cystic teratomas are rare pluripotent embryonic tumors which most commonly originate in gonadal organs. Extra-gonadal cystic teratomas are exceedingly uncommon, accounting for only 1% of all cystic teratomas, and have been reported in unusual locations including the kidney, mediastinum and liver. These extra-ovarian cystic teratomas have also been known to harbor other neoplasms including carcinoid tumors.

Management of postgastric bypass noninsulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia.

Introduction: Postgastric bypass noninsulinoma hyperinsulinemic pancreatogenous hypoglycemia defines a group of patients with postprandial neuroglycopenic symptoms similar to insulinoma but in many cases more severe. There are few reports of patients with this condition. We describe our surgical experience for the management of this rare condition.

Long-term evaluation of patients undergoing laparoscopic antireflux surgery without bougie placement.

Background: Laparoscopic antireflux surgery (LARS) has replaced the open approach in most centers and has become the standard surgical treatment of this disease. One of the controversial technical issues is whether to use a bougie or not at the time of wrap. The aim of the study was to evaluate the long-term consequences of LARS in a series of patients without bougie.